T he cause of past climate change has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Various explanations have been advanced to explain the record of Quaternary climate change identified in sediments on continents, in oceans, and in the ice caps of Greenland and Antarctica. Important in this is the scale of change—both temporal and spatial—and our best records, especially in terms of chronolog...

A carbon-rich black layer, dating to approximately 12.9 ka, has been previously identified at approximately 50 Clovis-age sites across North America and appears contemporaneous with the abrupt onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling. The in situ bones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna, along with Clovis tool assemblages, occur below this black layer but not within or above it. Causes for the extinct...

There is a paucity of information on the reproductive biology guinea hens. A study was conducted to document postembryonic developmental changes in ovarian histology and associated progesterone 17β-oestradiol profiles until 32 weeks age (WOA). Highly significant increases (p<0.001) were noticed oocyte follicular diameters beyond 16 WOA. Other morphometric traits showed inconsistent The first...

α-mangostin is a dietary xanthone which has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in various types of human cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin on YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. The results from MTT...

Graphical Markov models are multivariate statistical models which are currently under vigorous development and which combine two simple but most powerful notions, generating processes in single and joint response variables and conditional independences captured by graphs. The development of graphical Markov started with work by Wermuth (1976, 1980) and Darroch, Lauritzen and Speed (1980) which ...

TT51, with a synthetic Cry1Ab/CryAc gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was the first genetically modified (GM) plant officially certificated in China. This study was undertaken to investigate potential embryotoxicity of TT51 on rats. Whole embryo culture (WEC) is an effective method for safety evaluation when culture medium, containing substances derived from GM food, is available. Rat ...

Climatic warming from the last glacial maximum to current interglacial period was punctuated by a ?1300 years long cold period, commonly referred as Younger Dryas (YD). Several hypotheses have been proposed for mechanism triggering abrupt inception of YD, including freshwater forcing, an extra-terrestrial impact, and aerosols volcanic eruptions. Here, we use synchronised sulphate sulphur record...

The cost effectiveness of using exogenous phosphorus to remediate heavy metals in soil, which would alter the structure soil microbial community, had been widely acknowledged. In present study, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technology was taken as breakthrough point, and rhizosphere microorganisms different growth stages (jointing stage maturity stage) Minghui 86 (MH) Yangdao No.6 (YD) rice we...

The purpose of this study was to (a) develop a functional field test to assess the role of the core musculature and its impact on sport performance in an athletic population and (b) develop a functional field test to determine how well the core can transfer forces from the lower to the upper extremities. Twenty-five DI collegiate football players performed medicine ball throws (forward, reverse...

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a group of tumors showing variations in clinical presentation and histopatho-logical and biological characteristics [1, 2]. The GCTs are neoplasms that develop from primordial germ cells of the human embryo, which are normally destined to produce sperm or ova. Primordial germ cells appear to originate in the yolk sac endoderm and migrate around the hind-gut to the ge...