The yield of an urban water supply system is defined as the average annual volume of water that can be supplied from the water supply system over a given planning period, subject to streamflow variability, operating rules and demand pattern, without violating the adopted level of service. Since yield plays a key role in the management of urban water supply systems, it is important for water aut...

Purpose—knowing in advance vineyard yield is a critical success factor so growers and winemakers can achieve the best balance between vegetative reproductive growth. It also essential for planning regulatory purposes at regional level. Estimation errors are mainly due to high inter-annual spatial variability inadequate or poor performance sampling methods; therefore, improved applied methodolog...