background: radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like developed to date. among the special features of this type of dosimeters, is be doped with other elements or chemicals which made them appropriate for investigating of dose enhancement with contrast agents, by high atomic number. material and methods: in this study...

background: the compositions of ferrous sulphate, agarose and xylenol orange dye (fax) and ferrous sulphate, gelatin and xylenol orange dye (fgx) in solution of distilled water and sulphuric acid are two tissue-equivalent gel dosimeters. ionizing radiation causes oxidation of fe2+ ion to fe3+ ions which diffuse through the gel matrix and blur the image of absorbed dose over a period of hours af...

sol–gel auto-combustion is a unique combination of the combustion and the chemical gelation processes. in this work, nanosize (d) powders with compositions of znfe2o4 were synthesized by sol–gel combustion method. the puffy, porous brown powders as-combusted was calcined at the temperature of 750–1000◦c for 4 h. these powders are characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microsco...

The purpose of bowtie filters in CT scanners is to homogenize the x-ray intensity measured by the detectors in order to improve the image quality and at the same time to reduce the dose to the patient because of the preferential filtering near the periphery of the fan beam. For CT dosimetry, especially for Monte Carlo calculations of organ and tissue absorbed doses to patients, it is important ...

Introduction: The effects of X-rays on carcinogens have been proven in recent years. Today, lead is used in many devices such as lead covers, thyroid protectors to protect the body against x-rays. But this equipment contains many disadvantages such as, Toxicity, High weight and Lack of flexibility. Today, newer methods, such as semi-solid skin care products (cream, ointment), a...

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) dosimetry makes use of two radiation parameters: a volume CT dose index (CTDI) and a dose length product (DLP). The volume CTDI quantifies the intensity of the radiation used to perform CT examinations, whereas DLP quantifies the amount of radiation used. CTDI metrics can be converted into patient dose metrics by using dose/CTDI conversion factors. In cardiac CT...

Generally, computerised tomography (CT) is an X-ray based non-destructive testing method that was developed for medical purposes in the seventies and introduced for industrial applications during the eighties. CT produces maps of the X-ray linear attenuation coefficient of an object’s interior; presented either as cross section images (two-dimensional CT) or as volume information (three-dimensi...

Conventional x-ray computed tomography (CT) produces a single volumetric image that represents the spatially variant linear x-ray attenuation coefficient of an object. However, in many situations, differences in the x-ray attenuation properties of soft tissues are very small and difficult to measure in conventional x-ray imaging. In this work, we investigate an analyzer-based imaging method, ca...

to improve the corrosion protection of copper metal, 0.01m concentration of 1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (tat) was incorporated into the hybrid sol-gel monolayers containing 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gptms) and tetraethoxysilane (teos). it was further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction to form a sol-gel matrix. the tat-doped hybrid sol-gel coating was applied over the coppe...