OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in rats and mice employing the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the tail immersion method, rats received two different doses (270 and 405 mg/kg BW, p.o.) of a formulation, pethidine (5.4 mg/kg BW, p.o.) as ...

Introduction: the methanolic extracts and its different partitioning fractions of leaves of Clerodendrum indicum were evaluated for their anti-nociceptive, anti-diarrheal and in vitro antimicrobial activities. Methods: the anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice; the anti-diarrheal activity was investigated by the effect of extracts on castor ...

The study has evaluated the effect of diabetes associated hyperglycaemia on nociception and antinociception induced by morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine in female albino rats. Rats were allocated into 3 groups of 20 each--group I consisted of control having normal blood glucose levels (BGLs), group II consisted of streptozotocin-induced diabetics (STZ-D) having hyperglycaemia and group II...

We find bounds on the difference between the writhing numbers of a smooth curve and a polygonal curve inscribed within. The proof is based on an extension of Fuller’s difference of writhe formula to the case of polygonal curves. The results establish error bounds useful in the numerical computation of writhe.

In considering supercoils formed by closed double-stranded molecules of DNA certain mathematical concepts, such as the linking number and the twist, are needed. The meaning of these for a closed ribbon is explained and also that of the writhing number of a closed curve. Some simple examples are given, some of which may be relevant to the structure of chromatin.

Kappa-opioid agonists are particularly efficacious in the treatment of peripheral pain but suffer from central nervous system (CNS)-mediated effects that limit their development. One promising kappa-agonist is the peptidic compound CR665. Although not orally available, CR665 given i.v. exhibits high peripheral to CNS selectivity and benefits patients with visceral and neuropathic pain. In this ...

BACKGROUND Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae), commonly known as "jericó", is a medicinal plant found in northeastern Brazil. S. convoluta is used in folk medicine as an antidepressant, aphrodisiac, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and it is used to combat amenorrhea, coughing and bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of ethanolic ex...

This study investigates the antinociceptive effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline; citicoline) and the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in rats. Three different pain models were utilized: thermal paw withdrawal test, mechanical paw pressure test and acetic acid writhing test. The i.c.v. administration of CDP-choline (0.5, 1.0 a...