In this article, we show how the use of state-of-the-art methods in computer science based on machine perception and learning allows the unobtrusive capture and automated analysis of interpersonal behavior in real time (social sensing). Given the high ecological validity of the behavioral sensing, the ease of behavioral-cue extraction for large groups over long observation periods in the field,...

With radical roots in the 1980s, women’s empowerment is now a mainstream development concern. Much of the narrative focuses on instrumental gains—what women can do for development rather than what development can do for women. Empowerment is treated as a destination reached through development’s equivalent of motorways: programmes rolled out over any terrain. But in the process, pathways women ...

Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) fails to accelerate problem solving in some problem spaces. How do these problem spaces differ from the ones in Minton’s experiments [1988b]? Can minute modifications to problem space encoding drastically alter EBL’s performance? Will PRODIGY/EBL'S success scale to real-world domains? This paper presents a formal theory of problem space structure that answers th...

Many fine art pieces have been reproduced in digital form. The digital reproductions have been used to store and transmit the original work. In contrast, mobiles, or moving sculptures, such as those designed by Alexander Calder cannot be reproduced realistically by photographs and/or static images. The real characteristics of mobiles come from the motions generated by interactive external force...

When it comes to improving business performance, managers have no shortage of tools and techniques to choose from. But what really works? What's critical, and what's optional? Two business professors and a former McKinsey consultant set out to answer those questions. In a ground-breaking, five-year study that involved more than 50 academics and consultants, the authors analyzed 200 management t...

For more than 70 years, alum has been used as a trusty aide to improve antibody responses to vaccines. But how this aluminum-containing compound boosts the response to vaccines has been a mystery. On page 869, Kool et al. expose its mysterious mechanism; they find that alum causes cells to produce a stim-ulator of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were once the favored hypothetical link between alum a...

Consider a sine wave analog signal like the red line in the image below. This particular sine wave has a DC bias of 7.5 Volts and an amplitude of +/7.5 Volts, creating a signal that oscillates between 0 and 15 Volts. An analog-to-digital converter discretizes the analog signal, yielding a digital number that represents the amplitude of the signal. The image below shows how the size wave might b...

Defining works is complex, but defining video works is extremely complex because of the large number of instantiations available and because of the intricate relationships among them. Sorting these out is critical to ensuring adequate management of the information they contain, and in order to do so it is necessary to gain a clear understanding of all these components and their various roles in...