It is usually assumed that ‘fire hardening’ the tips of spears, as practised by hunter–gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire-hardening process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned poles. A Shore D hardness test showed that fire treatment slight...

Twinning induced plasticity steels (TWIP) are very good candidate for automotive industry applications because they potentially offer large energy absorption before failure due to their exceptional strain hardening capability and high strength. However, their behaviour is drastically influenced by the loading conditions. In this work, the mechanical behaviour of a TWIP steel sheet sample was in...

The friction and wear behaviors of a Fe-19Cr-15Mn-0.66N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel (HNSS) were investigated. Tribological investigations carried out under different applied loads 5 N, 10 15 20 N. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) laser scanning confocal (LSCM) used to understand the mechanisms reasons for improved resistance. lower coefficient resistance observed with increase in...

It is usually assumed that 'fire hardening' the tips of spears, as practised by hunter-gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire-hardening process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned poles. A Shore D hardness test showed that fire treatment slight...

It is usually assumed that ‘fire hardening’ the tips of spears, as practised by hunter–gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire-hardening process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned poles. A Shore D hardness test showed that fire treatment slight...

The present work reports on a positron annihilation study addressing the structural and chemical characterization of solute aggregates containing open volumes (vacancies and/or misfit regions at precipitate–matrix interfaces) in AlZnMg, AlCu, and AlCuMg alloys. High resolution transmission electron microscopy results for selected ageing conditions are also presented. Two main points are discuss...

foundations behavior is affected by soil behavior which can vary from dilative to contractive depending on the stress level, particularly in dense frictional soils. the zero extension lines (zel) method has been generally developed to predict the foundations behavior. knowledge of soil behavior enables the zel method to predict the general and local shear failure modes. in this paper, a relativ...