Pliny the Elder recorded that Phoenician sailors came ashore and, not finding any local materials suitable for supporting their cooking pots above the sandy shore, used lumps of trona (natural soda or sodium carbonate) that formed part of their ship’s cargo. As the trona was heated in the fire it combined with the sand to give a material that flowed. This story may not be entirely accurate but ...

Carotid Doppler ultrasonography is a popular tool for evaluating atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Its two-dimensional gray scale can be used for measuring the intima-media thickness, which is very good biomarker for atherosclerosis and can aid in plaque characterization. The plaque morphology is related to the risk of stroke. The ulceration of plaque is also known as one of the strong pre...

We consider branes as “points” in an infinite dimensional brane space M with a prescribed metric. Branes move along the geodesics of M. For a particular choice of metric the equations of motion are equivalent to the well known equations of the Dirac-Nambu-Goto branes (including strings). Such theory describes “free fall” in M-space. In the next step the metric of M-space is given the dynamical ...

The IUPAC Commission on Automation and New Technologies has developed a scheme for the classification of analytical systems. The classification scheme is reported in this paper.