Introduction Although not often recommended, ethanol replacement is still used in hospitals, including ours. Since intravenous ethanol for alcohol withdrawal is mainly used in the intensive care units of our clinic, we reviewed literature to enable better liaison psychiatric consult for patients in this particular setting. Materials and methods We performed a MEDLINE search for pharmacological ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine and midazolam on preventing the development of morphine tolerance and dependence and withdrawal syndrome in mice. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.), morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.) + ketamine (25, 50, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) , morphine (50 mg/kg , s.c.) + midazolam (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) , mor...

1. We have addressed the question of whether there is a 'serotonin withdrawal syndrome' by analysis of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with four SSRIs. A comparison of the post-marketing safety profiles of the four SSRIs has also been made. 2. The UK database of ADRs was examined for reactions associated with fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sert...

Clozapine, a commonly used atypical antipsychotic, can precipitate a severe withdrawal syndrome. In this report, we describe a case of delirium with catatonic features emerging after the immediate cessation of clozapine subsequent to concerns of developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. After multiple treatments were found to be inefficacious, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initiated, res...

Background Abrupt cessation of most psychiatric drugs leads to varying withdrawal symptoms. Although Clozapine withdrawal symptoms are well documented, this case presentation addresses issues pertaining to the severity of the withdrawals and the similarities to Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). This patient who was only on 100mg of Clozapine required ventilation in Intensive care unit. Neur...

An evaluation of the effect of 1 year of a gluten-free diet was performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome displaying lymphocytic enteritis. Gluten withdrawal produced a slight but significant improvement of the functional symptoms, suggesting that gluten might be partly responsible for this clinical picture. This hypothesis should be confirmed by a double-bli...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors on benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in mice and rats. Diazepam withdrawal in mice was read out as intensification of the seizures induced by a subthreshold dose of pentetrazole. In rats, the withdrawal syndrome resulting from chronic administration of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam and temazepam ...

The object was to assess alterations in CSF concentrations of monoamine metabolites during withdrawal of medication in patients with Parkinson's disease in relation to the presence or absence of episodes resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). This syndrome is a fatal condition developing after neuroleptic therapy, and a neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome (NMLS) may also occur after w...

This topic review will discuss the clinical features and management of opioid withdrawal in the emergency setting. A summary table to facilitate emergent management is provided (table 1). Discussions of opioid withdrawal during detoxification treatment, opioid intoxication, opioid withdrawal in neonates, and general management of the poisoned patient are found elsewhere. (See "Medically supervi...