During the plastic deformation of brittle materials as magnesium, titanium or high strength steels, for instance in bending of sheet metals, the local strain can exceed the ductility – the strain at rupture – and thus cracks appear that eventually lead to rupture. Hot working would be beneficial since a temperature of a few hundred centigrades leads to an increase of the ductility by more than ...

Equal channel angular pressing has been used to refine the grain size of commercially pure titanium (grade 2) as well as other metals and alloys. Titanium grade 2 is usually processed at about 350 °C because it lacks sufficient ductility at lower temperatures. The warm processing temperature limits the capability of the equal channel angular pressing technique in improving the strength of titan...

Wire + arc additive manufacturing is an welding process that uses non-consumable tungsten electrodes to produce the weld. The material used in this study a titanium, carbon, zirconium, and molybdenum alloy physically chemically stable has good performance for use as high-temperature heating element. In study, experiments are designed based on central composite design, single-layer wire performe...