from the mathematical point of view, the fao penman-monteith equation shows a homographic function related to the wind speed. the homographic function has horizontal and vertical asymptotes. in this issue horizontal asymptote is applicable; because the vertical asymptote occurs for negative values of wind speed but the negative sign indicates the direction of the wind speed and only the absolut...

In this paper I use a mathematical model to simulate the effect of wind and altitude on men's and women's 4400-m race performances. Both wind speed and direction were altered to calculate the effect on the velocity profile and the final time of the sprinter. The simulation shows that for a constant wind velocity, changing the wind direction can produce a large variation in the race time and vel...

An air–sea interaction model that includes turbulent transport due to capillary waves (surface ripples) is developed. The model differs from others in that the physical premises are applicable to low wind speeds (10-m wind speed, U10 , 5 m s21) as well as higher wind speeds. Another new feature of the model is an anisotropic roughness length, which allows a crosswind component of the stress to ...

This paper presents a new method to accurately characterize and predict the annual variation of wind conditions. Estimation of the distribution of wind conditions is necessary (i) to quantify the available energy (power density) at a site, and (ii) to design optimal wind farm configurations. We develop a smooth multivariate wind distribution model that captures the coupled variation of wind spe...

Wind on Mars is a significant agent of contemporary surface change, yet the absence of in situ meteorological data hampers the understanding of surface-atmospheric interactions. Airflow models at length scales relevant to landform size now enable examination of conditions that might activate even small-scale bedforms (ripples) under certain contemporary wind regimes. Ripples have the potential ...

Flying insects sense the speed and direction of the wind to provide directional information used in chemical plume tracking. To model this plume tracking using a mobile robot, an appropriate wind sensor is required. This paper initially describes the design of a wind sensor for this purpose. The sensor utilises three wind speed measurement devices, thermal anemometers, to determine wind speed a...

This paper describes a new method for harvesting maximum electrical energy in wind farms. In proposing technique, the stochastic process principles are applied for detecting fault measurements of sensors. On the other hand, the wind farm is modeled by using fuzzy concept. Thereby the turbines are controlled against continuous changes in speed, direction and eddy currents of the blowing wind. To...

Circular data arise from a number of activities in our daily life where the sample space is considered to be a circle. Some common examples are the migration paths of birds and animals, wind directions and ocean current directions. Many examples of circular data can be found in the various scientific fields like earth sciences, meteorology, biology, physics, psychology and medicine. See Mardia ...