In what follows, I critique the interpretation that Sober and Wilson offer of their group selection model in Unto Others. Sober and Wilson mistakenly claim that their model operates as an example of Simpson’s paradox and defend an interpretation of their model according to which groups are operated upon by natural selection. In the place of their interpretation, I offer one that parallels the m...

We study lepton polarization asymmetries in the Λb → Λl+l− decay using the most general model independent effective Hamiltonian. The dependence of the lepton polarizations and their combinations on the new Wilson coefficients are studied in detail. It is observed that there is a region for the new Wilson coefficients for which the branching ratio coincides with the standard model prediction, wh...

The Wilson-Cowan equations were originally proposed to describe the low-level dynamics of neural populations (Wilson&Cowan 1972). These equations have been extensively used in modelling the oscillations of cortical activity (Cowan et al. 2016). However, due to their low-level nature, very few works have attempted connections to higher level psychophysics (Herzog et al. 2003, Hermens et al. 2005...

Phase structure and confinement properties of noncompact gauge theories II. Z(N) Wilson loop and effective noncompact model Abstract An approach to studying lattice gauge models in the weak coupling region is proposed. Conceptually, it is based on the crucial role of the original Z(N) symmetry and the invariant gauge group measure. As an example, we calculate an effective model from the compact...

We consider the question of gauge invariance of the Wilson loop in the light of a new treatment of axial gauge propagator proposed recently based on a finite field-dependent BRS (FFBRS) transformation. We remark that as under the FFBRS transformation the vacuum expectation value of a gauge invariant observable remains unchanged, our prescription automatically satisfies the Wilson loop criterion...