Analysis of viral RNA encapsidation assay provides a rapid means of assaying which of the progeny RNA are competent for packaging into stable mature virions. Generally, a parallel analysis of total RNA and RNA obtained from purified virions is advisable for accurate interpretation of the results. In this, we describe a series of in vivo assays in which viral RNA encapsidation can be verified. T...

INTRODUCTION Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) is a component of an internationally licensed oral cholera vaccine. The protein induces neutralizing antibodies against the holotoxin, the virulence factor responsible for severe diarrhea. A field clinical trial has suggested that the addition of CTB to killed whole-cell bacteria provides superior short-term protection to whole-cell-only vaccines; howe...

A structural decentralised control of discrete-event system (DES) is employed for a simulation study of a sequence control of cleaning-in-process of chemical batch plant. Due to the number of states of the whole plant model is too big, the whole plant has subdivided into smaller sizes and in the local level, the DES models for the local plant and local specifications are established. The condit...

For many centuries green plants have been used for the treatment of various diseases. Tuberculosis is no exception, and numerous plants and plant products have, at one time or another, been reported to be of value in the treatment of this disease. During the past few years a number of investigators have surveyed seed plants for sources of antibacterial activity (1-10). In most of these studies ...

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-limited bacterium that lives as a harmless endophyte in most plant species but is pathogenic in several agriculturally important crops such as coffee, citrus, and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). In susceptible cultivars of grapevine, Xf infection results in leaf scorch, premature leaf senescence, and eventually vine death; a suite of symptoms collectively refer...