18 An outbreak of human botulism was due to consumption of ham containing botulinum 19 neurotoxins B and E. Clostridium botulinum type E strain isolated from ham was assigned to 20 a new subtype (E12) based on bont/E gene sequencing and belongs to a new multi locus 21 sequence subtype as analyzed by whole genome sequencing. 22

We are now, apparently, in an age of “personal genomics” brought about by new capabilities for cost-effective whole genome sequencing. There has been a concomitant rise in Direct-toConsumer (DTC) testing through companies such as 23andMe, Knome (pronounced `know me’), deCODE Genetics, and Navigenetics to name but a few. Each of these offers to provide insights into our genetic fate. There also ...

Completion of the Human Genome Project was announced on April 14, 2003, as the whole human genome was sequenced. The Human Genome Project was proposed in the mid-1980s aiming to sequence the whole human genome. Yet, its realization was thought to be almost impossible since a considerable amount of time was required to complete the whole genome sequencing with the analysis technology at that tim...

background there are hoarding documents for the biological importance of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in pancreatic carcinogenesis. we aimed to thoroughly investigate the dna sequence variations of whole cox-2 exons in a large case-control study of pancreatic cancer by direct sequencing.   methods the entire exonic regions of cox-2 including 10 exons were sequenced in the germline dna of 96 patient...