INTRODUCTION Limited quantitative information is available on dermal exposure to chemicals during various industrial activities. Therefore, within the scope of the EU-funded RISKOFDERM project, potential dermal exposure was measured during three different tasks: filling, loading and brushing. DEGBE (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol) was used as a 'marker' substance to determine dermal exposure to the ...

Inhalation experiments using laboratory animals are performed under controlled conditions to assess the toxicity of and to investigate interventional strategies to ameliorate injury resulting from oxidant gas exposures. A variety of dynamic inhalation exposure systems that use whole-body or nose-only exposure chambers have been developed for rodents. In a whole-body exposure chamber, the animal...

The pattern of gill silver accumulation in rainbow trout during waterborne silver exposure has been reported to be unusual, reaching a peak in the first few hours of silver exposure followed by a marked decline with continued exposure. The potential causes of the pattern were investigated. Rainbow trout (1-5g) were exposed in a static system to 110mAg labeled AgNO(3) at a total concentration of...

Biological effects due to whole-body radio-frequency exposure may be induced by core temperature elevation. According to the international safety guidelines/standards for human protection, the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBA-SAR) is used as a metric. In order to understand the relationship between WBA-SAR and core temperature elevation, a theoretical solution or a closed formu...

Dose selection during antiparasitic drug development in animal models and humans traditionally has relied on correlations between plasma concentrations obtained at or below maximally tolerated doses that are efficacious. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the relationship between dose and plasma/tissue exposure of the model antiparasitic agent, pafuramidine, using a...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, we evaluated all patients referred to a single rheumatology clinic for bone mineral density measurements from 2009 to 2010. all patients who had bone mineral density measurements taken from the hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were enrolled in the study. standard bone mineral density measurements were performed using a dual energy x-...

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) has been frequently detected in the environment and in various biota, including fish, and has been implicated in disruption of the thyroid endocrine system. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to different concentrations of TDCPP (10, 50, 100, 300 and 600 μg/L) from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 144 hpf. Developmenta...

Juvenile rainbow trout were fed diets containing control (0.26 mmol/g) or elevated (1.3 mmol/g) dietary Na+ in combination with either background (19 nmol/L) or moderately elevated levels (55 or 118 nmol/L) of waterborne Cu for 21 d. Unidirectional waterborne Na+ uptake rates (measured with 22Na) were up to four orders of magnitude higher than those of Cu (measured with 64Cu). Chronic exposure ...

objective(s) the possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (emf) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. in this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. materials and methods during gestation period...

Biological dosimetry based on the analysis of cytogenetic damage in peripheral lymphocytes of the exposed person is a well established technique [10]. The absorbed dose is estimated by comparing the scored number of aberrations with a calibration curve, obtained by in vitro irradiation of whole blood collected from control persons. Several authors have validated this procedure by testing experi...