OBJECTIVES To determine whether the use of chewing gum reduced the impact and pain of fixed orthodontic appliances. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The Orthodontic Department of the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Fifty-seven patients aged 18 years or younger and who were about to start fixed orthodontic appliance treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A randomized clinical trial wi...

Carotid endarterectomy may be performed by using cervical plexus blockade with local anesthetic supplementation by the surgeon during surgery. Most practitioners use either a superficial cervical plexus block or a combined (superficial and deep) block, but it is unclear which offers the best operative conditions or greatest patient satisfaction. We compared the two techniques in patients underg...

Objectives Zirconia restorations have been suggested as a more durable and more appealing alternative to metal restorations. However, their mechanical properties may be negatively affected by fatigue due to superficial stresses or low temperature degradation. This study aimed to assess the fatigue fracture strength of three-unit implant-supported full contour zirconia and pre-sintered cobalt-ch...

BACKGROUND The care demands of children with chronic diseases can affect caregivers' health by imposing caregiving burden to them. The health status of caregivers plays a vital role in the quality of care provided to such children and in their quality of life. OBJECTIVE To determine caregiving burden in caregivers and to identify relevant influential factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional...

This study aimed to examine the effect of chronic restraint stress (RS) on the severity of experimental periodontal disease in rats. A total of 32 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: i) Rats receiving two treatment regimens, chronic stress induced by movement restriction in acrylic cylinders for 1-1.5 h daily and induction of experimental periodontal disease, using a ny...

In this study, we compared the Student's t-test, Welch's and Mann-Whitney U test, in terms of their type I error rate statistical power when assumptions parametric tests are violated different situations. Materials used consisted random numbers generated using Numpy library Python programming language. All were from a normal distribution with N (0, 1) parameters. Balanced unbalanced experimenta...

PURPOSE To evaluate patient-reported pain induced by phacoemulsification without sedation using topical or peribulbar anesthesia. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS This study assessed patient-perceived pain during phacoemulsification cataract surgery with peribulbar anesthesia (lidocaine 2%-bupivacaine 0.5% mixture) or with...

PURPOSE This article examines as to whether the Ki-67 index may be useful as a marker for cell proliferation, as well as to whether Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are useful in distinguishing between parathyroid carcinoma (PC) and adenoma. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 50 patients (10 with PC and 40 with adenoma) who had been previously diagnos...

Background and Objectives: Our study aims to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients affected by schizophrenia. Methods: Ten schizophrenic patients (mean age 39 +/13 years, best corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/20, refractive error between +/-2 diopters, and intraocular pressure <18 mmHg) were enrolled. They were compared with 10 age-matched controls. In all subjects, optic ne...