This paper reports a series of formal acceptability-judgment experiments designed to investigate the syntactic properties of a relatively understudied type of wh-dependency: multiple wh-questions in English. By using a factorial definition of island effects made available only by formal experiments, we report an unpredicted pattern of acceptability that suggests the existence of reverse island ...

The active maintenance of sentence meaning in working memory was investigated using event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) coherences. Participants read a sentence, retained it for 2.5 s, and then verified a statement about its meaning. The sentences contained either three semantically related nouns or unrelated nouns and started either with a what phrase (WH sentences) or not (non-WH sentenc...

1 Introduction 1.1 Wh-expressions as diagnostics of scope 1.1.1 Fronting and possible answers as indicators of scope 1.1.2 3 Subjacency and wh-in-situ 3.1 The diagnostic of possible answers 3.

BACKGROUND Nondaily or intermittent smokers (ITS) are increasingly common, but how much nicotine, if any, ITS take in and how quickly they metabolize it has not yet been studied. METHODS We compared carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine, and nicotine metabolism [nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR): 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine] in 224 ITS and 222 daily smokers (DS). Effects of gender and ethnicity...

In this paper, we present data from three Norwegian dialect types, NOR-1, NOR-2 and NOR-3, which differ with respect to the verb second (V2) requirement in wh-questions: NOR-1 (represented by Standard Norwegian) requires V2 in all main clauses, NOR-3 (represented by the Nordmøre dialect) lacks this requirement in all wh-questions, while NOR-2 (represented by the Tromsø dialect) lacks the requir...

Hearing loss during the critical period for language acquisition restricts spoken language input. This input limitation, in turn, may hamper syntactic development. This study examined the comprehension, production, and repetition of Wh-questions in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The participants were 11 orally trained Hebrew-speaking children aged 9.1-12.4 with moderate-to-profound hea...

Unlike comprehension of declarative sentences, comprehension of wh-questions in agrammatic aphasia is a neglected research topic. Not all whquestions are understood equally well yet the nature of this difficulty has received sparse attention in the literature. According to one view (Avrutin 2000), which follows Pesetsky's (1987) well-known distinction of whquestions, questions beginning with wh...

Single-Nanowire Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Paritosh Mohanty,† Ilsun Yoon,† Taejoon Kang,† Kwanyong Seo,† Kumar S. K. Varadwaj,† Wonjun Choi,‡ Q-Han Park,‡ Jae Pyung Ahn,§ Yung Doug Suh,| Hyotcherl Ihee,† and Bongsoo Kim*,† Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Department of Physics, Korea UniVersity, Seoul 136-701, Korea, Nano-Material Research Center, KIST, Seoul 136-7...

It was claimed by variationists that languages experience variation at all levels, which is supposed to be patterned. The present study aimed at exploring how variation occurred in English and Persian wh-questions. More specifically, it investigated whether such a variation was systematic and patterned. To this end, a modified version of the Edinburgh Map Task was used in data collection. The p...

There is a debate as to whether second language (L2) learners show qualitatively similar processing profiles as native speakers or whether L2 learners are restricted in their ability to use syntactic information during online processing. In the realm of wh-dependency resolution, research has examined whether learners, similar to native speakers, attempt to resolve wh-dependencies in grammatical...