This paper dives into the Fund’s historical coverage of cross-border spillovers in its surveillance. We use a state-of-the-art deep learning model to analyze discussion all IMF Article IV staff reports between 2010 and 2019. find that overall, while decreased over time, it was pronounced some systemically important economies during periods global spillover events. Spillover discussions were mor...

the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring r with respect to nilpotent elements is a simple undirected graph $gamma_n^*(r)$ with vertex set z_n(r)*, and two vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy is nilpotent and xy is nonzero, where z_n(r)={x in r: xy is nilpotent, for some y in r^*}. in this paper, we investigate the basic properties of $gamma_n^*(r)$. we discuss when it will be eu...

Learning statistics is a necessity for dental researchers. Due to daily dental science expansion, dental researchers have to study new papers in recent dental journals to remain up to date. On the other hand, knowing principles of statistics helps better understanding of the articles. Some authors revealed that knowledge of dentists about basic topics of statistics was poor. Therefore, in this ...

ALICEROBBIN ABSTRACT THISARTICLE EXAMINES SELECTED ECONOMIC and social indicators of our multiracial and multiethnic society at the end of the twentieth century to provide an information base for wise decisions about effective library services. The statistical profile describes the demography, economic well-being , and educational attainment of the principal racial and Hispanic origin groups. T...

It has been a year since the new millennium began. European jurisprudence in its modern form is one thousand years old. I have been working in the field of law for some 30 years. The biggest change I could like to see in the new millennium is that we might learn to ask questions that are small and clearly defined. There are probably no exact answers to the big questions. I will be true to my co...

I read with interest the article in a recent issue of CHEST (August 2014) by Liberman et al, 1 who performed a prospective lung cancer staging trial in which patients underwent both an endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) investigation followed by surgical staging. Th e combination of an endobronchial and esophageal approach was superior in detecting (sensitivity, 91%...

I have taken an experimental approach to this question. Freely voluntary acts are preceded by a specific electrical change in the brain (the ‘readiness potential’, RP) that begins 550 ms before the act. Human subjects became aware of intention to act 350–400 ms after RP starts, but 200 ms. before the motor act. The volitional process is therefore initiated unconsciously. But the conscious funct...

Modern science commonly uses computer modelling. Thousands of scientific model are daily transformed to computers programs and tested. The transformation must overcome the gap between abstract human formal notation and low level semantics of contemporary programming languages. The simultaneous knowledge of specific scientific models and programming languages is an unpleasant necessity for a sig...