we used qcd factorization for the hadronic matrix elements to show that the existing data, in particular the branching ratios br ( ?j/?k) and br ( ?j/??), can be accounted for this approach. we analyzed the decay within the framework of qcd factorization. we have complete calculation of the relevant hard-scattering kernels for twist-2 and twist-3. we calculated this decays in a special scale ( ...

The recent addition of testing volunteer blood donors for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) has raised questions not apparent when such testing is applied to hepatitis B (HB) infected patients. The review of published studies, and our own, demonstrates that it is difficult to evaluate false positive results. Some patients appear to lose antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (ant...

Drawing on studies of humans, rodents, birds and arthropods, I show that 'cognitive maps' have been used to describe a wide variety of spatial concepts. There are, however, two main definitions. One, sensu Tolman, O'Keefe and Nadel, is that a cognitive map is a powerful memory of landmarks which allows novel short-cutting to occur. The other, sensu Gallistel, is that a cognitive map is any repr...