It is possible to borrow from a topic of biology called phylogenetic systematics, concepts and tools for a logical and objective classification of galaxies. It is based on observable properties of objects characters either qualitative (like morphology) or quantitative (like luminosity, mass or spectrum). Distance analysis can readily be performed using a method called phenetics and based on cha...

Louis Armstrong (is said to have) said, “I don’t need words — it’s all in the phrasing”. Assomeone who does natural-language processing for a living, I’m a big fan of words; but lately, mycollaborators and I have been studying aspects of phrasing (in the linguistic, rather than musicalsense) that go beyond just the selection of one particular word over another. I’ll describe some of...

background: the ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta. the incidence of isolated patent ductus arteriosus (pda) in full-term infants is about 1 in 2000. the amplatzer ductal occluder (ado) is recommended for pdas with sizes larger than 2 mm. in this procedure, we must confirm the ado position in pda by aortogram from the arterial line. the purpose of this s...

background the ala of the nose, with its particular texture and characteristics, poses both aesthetically and functionally intriguing challenges and is rather problematic regarding choices for reconstructive methods. both flaps and grafts have been used to restore natural structure of nasal ala. the present study summarizes a ten-year experience of reconstructive surgery using small composite g...

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Seismology offers the highest-resolution view of mantle structure. In the decades since Morgan [1971] first proposed deep-mantle plumes, seismologists have used increasingly sophisticated methods to look for evidence of such structures, but so far they have had little success. This abstract outlines the relevant seismological methods for non-specialists and summarizes the current state of knowl...

chest tube (ct) or tube thoracostomy placement is often indicated following traumatic injuries. premature movement of the chest tube leads to increased hospital complications and costs for patients. placement of a chest tube is indicated in drainage of blood, bile, pus, drain air, and other fluids. although there is a general agreement for the placement of a chest tube, there is little consensu...