BACKGROUND Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is one of the promising new non-drug approaches to reducing cognitive deficits of patients with schizophrenia that has not yet been fully evaluated in China. AIM Assess the efficacy of CRT in improving the cognitive functioning, social functioning and insight of patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS 126 clinically stable inpatients with ...

In an extension of previous work, we studied the behavioral correlates of medial frontal lobe glucose hypometabolism in chronically alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one male patients who were detoxified, medically stable, and free of other central nervous system risk factors for neuropsychological impairment were examined with (1) anatomic imaging (CT or MR), (2) functional imaging with [18F]...

BACKGROUND Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder characterized by persistent and maladaptive gambling behaviors with disruptive consequences for familial, occupational and social functions. The pathophysiology of PG is still unclear, but it is hypothesized that it might include environmental factors coupled with a genetic vulnerability and dysfunctions of different neurotran...

INTRODUCTION Individuals with dyslexia exhibit associated learning deficits and impaired executive functions. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a learning-based task that relies heavily on executive functioning, in particular, attention shift and working memory. Performance during early and late phases of a series within the task represents learning and implementation of a newly learned...

Objectives: We investigated the auditory cognitive and behavioral functions during 2nd 3rd trimesters of pregnancy using event-related potentials (ERPs) different neuropsychology tests, respectively.
 Methods: The ERPs were studied by a 128-sensor net, PAS/COWA, WCST, ZCT, RAVLTIM/RAVLTDR/RAVLTTS, BDI tested for assessment. Total 39 subjects recruited control group (G1, n=15, non-pregnant)...

Title of Document: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXECUTIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONING AS MODIFIED BY GENOTYPE Joe W. Hearn, Master of Arts, 2007 Directed By: Professor Bradley D. Hatfield Department of Kinesiology As we age, the structure of the brain deteriorates and cognitive functioning declines. The region of the brain that begins to age the fastest is the frontal lobe, in which t...

Much evidence suggests that lesions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) produce marked impairments in the ability of subjects to shift cognitive set, as exemplified by performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). However, studies with humans and experimental primates have suggested that damage to different regions of PFC induce dissociable impairments in two forms of shift learning implici...

Previous studies in animals and humans suggest that monoamines enhance behavior-evoked neural activity relative to nonspecific background activity (i.e., increase signal-to-noise ratio). We studied the effects of dextroamphetamine, an indirect monoaminergic agonist, on cognitively evoked neural activity in eight healthy subjects using positron-emission tomography and the O15 water intravenous b...