Data from repeated measures experiments are usually analyzed with conventional ANOVA. Three well-known problems with ANOVA are the sphericity assumption, the design effect (sampling hierarchy), and the requirement for complete designs and data sets. This tutorial explains and demonstrates multi-level modeling (MLM) as an alternative analysis tool for repeated measures data. MLM allows us to est...

this study investigated if different response formats (test methods) measure reading comprehension of expository text differently. the study was conducted with 48 semester 6 tesl students at a university in selangor, malaysia. these students received an expository passage having descriptive rhetorical structure followed by three response formats, namely, incomplete outline, graphic organizer, a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic or open colectomy with fast track or standard perioperative care on patient's immune status and stress response after surgery. METHODS Patients with nonmetastasized colon cancer were randomized to laparoscopic or open colectomy with fast track or standard care. Blood samples were taken preoperatively (baseline), and 1, 2, 24, and 72 hours after...

menorrhagia is one of the most common gynecological problem and leading causes of poor quality of life and iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age. research in gynecological field relies heavily on repeated measure designs. repeated measure studies are helpful in understanding how factors of interest change over time. our goal is to apply statistical methods which are appropriate fo...

background: the comparison between voluntary and automatic contraction of deep abdominal muscles in patients with nonspecific low back pain (nlbp) may justify being the best treat for them. the aim of this case-controlled study was to compare changes in the thickness of the transverses abdomin is (tra) and internal oblique (io) muscles during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (adim) and the act...