When developing a watershed plan, it is useful to consider how watersheds are configured. The term management unit is used to describe watersheds and their smaller segments. The two management units that will be focused upon in this handbook are the watershed and the subwatershed. A watershed can be defined as the land area that contributes runoff to a particular point along a waterway. A typic...

Due to the sudden nature of hull girder collapse caused by extreme loadings, ultimate strength ships, i.e., capacity, has be evaluated. Ultimate analysis procedures have already been provided within rules classification societies for sea-going ships. However, inland vessels are not fully addressing issue. In addition, literature data on almost negligible, which is alarming, considering frequenc...

A microbial risk assessment was conducted to estimate the human health risks from incidental contact recreational activities such as canoeing, boating and fishing in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) receiving secondary treated, but non-disinfected, effluent from three municipal water reclamation plants. Actual concentrations of the pathogens (pathogenic E. coli [estimated], Giardia, Cryp...

Landscape genetics holds promise for the forecasting of spatial patterns of genetic diversity based on key environmental features. Yet, the degree to which inferences based on single species can be extended to whole communities is not fully understood. We used a pristine and spatially structured community of three landlocked salmonids (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo salar, and Salvelinus alpinus)...

in order to improve the level of intelligence, availability, being on demand, convenience, information and humanization of rural public transportation systems, they are more willing to use modern information and communicative technologies. in addition to management services, intelligent transportation systems can provide passengers, drivers, travel agencies and other institutions with other ser...