We have developed a sophisticated Raman lidar numerical model to simulate the performance of two ground-based Raman water-vapor lidar systems. After verifying the model using these ground-based measurements, we then used the model to simulate the water-vapor measurement capability of an airborne Raman lidar under both daytime and nighttime conditions for a wide range of water-vapor conditions. ...

We examined the seasonal variations of isotopic composition of water vapor in the lower troposphere (850–500 hPa) to relate those of precipitation and groundwater using satellite observations from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the volcanic Island of Jeju, Korea. We ran an isotope-enabled general circulation model (IsoGSM) and calculated 120-hr reversecalculated trajecto...

It has been suggested that the significant differences that still persist between the measurements of earth’s radiation budget and the predictions are partially due to the inadequacies in the absorption coefficients of water vapor used in the calculations. Water in all its three phases has a profound influence on both the longwave and shortwave streams of radiation, because of its strong absorp...

Coupled heat and water transport in soils has enjoyed extensive focus in soil physics and hydrology and yet, until recently, there has never been a satisfactory comparison of water vapor ̄uxes measured in the ®eld with theory. At least two factors have led to this, ®rst, most of the experimental work has been laboratory oriented with steady state boundary conditions imposed and second, there ha...

With molecular simulation for water and a tunable hydrophobic substrate, we apply the instantaneous interface construction [A. P. Willard and D. Chandler, "Instantaneous liquid interfaces," J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 1954-1958 (2010)] to examine the similarity between a water-vapor interface and a water-hydrophobic surface interface. We show that attractive interactions between a hydrophobic surface...

This paperpresents the first andthe only simultaneous measurements watervaporby MIR (Millimeter-waveImagingRadiometer) andLASE (Lidar AtmosphericSounding Experiment)on boardthesameER-2aircraft. Watervaporis oneof the mostimportant constituents in the earth'satmosphere, asits spatialandtemporalvariationsaffecta wide spectrumof meteorological phenomena rangingfrom the formationof cloudsto the dev...

Astronomical arrays operating at (sub)millimeter wavelengths are seriously compromised by rapid variations in atmospheric water vapor that distort the phase coherence of incoming celestial signals. The signal received by each antenna of the array suffers a phase delay that varies rapidly with time and from antenna to antenna. Unless corrected, these distortions limit the coherence time of the a...

We present measurements of the growth of long columnar ice crystals from water vapor over a broad range of temperatures and supersaturation levels in air. Starting with thin, caxis ice needle crystals, we observed their subsequent growth behavior in a vapor diffusion chamber, extracting the initial radial growth velocities of the needles under controlled conditions. Approximating the hexagonal ...

Abstract: Metal organic framework (MOF) of MIL-101(Cr)-Silica (SiO₂) composites with highly mesoporous and uniform dispersions were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method followed by the sol-gel technique. Water vapor adsorption experiments were conducted on the MIL-101(Cr)-SiO₂ composites for industrial adsorption chiller applications. The effects of MIL-101(Cr)-SiO₂ mixing ra...

ArF excimer laser pulses (193 nm, 20 ns, 150 mJ) have been focused on a hydroxyapatite (HA) target in similar conditions to those normally used for thin film deposition. Fast intensified CCD images of HA laser ablation plumes have been taken in vacuum and under different water vapor pressures ranging from 0.01 mbar to 1 mbar. Images of HA ablation in vacuum have shown a plume freely expanding a...