Assume that the surplus of an insurer follows a compound Poisson surplus process. When the surplus is below zero or the insurer is on deficit, the insurer could borrow money at a debit interest rate to pay claims. Meanwhile, the insurer will repay debts from her premium income. The negative surplus may return to a positive level if debts are reasonable. However, when the negative surplus is bel...

PETROVA, D., 2008. Major bloom producing phytoplankton species in the lakes along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci.; 14: 201-208 Archive data analysis shows that during the different periods of anthropogenic impact phytoplankton production reaches pathologically high levels. Thus, phytoplankton is assumed as an indicator of marine water quality and ecological health. Its long-...

INTRODUCTION An excess of nitrates causes environmental pollution in receiving water bodies and health risk for human, if contaminated water is source of drinking water. The directive 91/676/ CEE [1] aims to reduce the nitrogen pressure in Europe from agriculture sources and identifies the livestock population as one of the predominant sources of surplus of nutrients that could be released in w...

In this paper, we examine a game theoretic setting in which four countries have established a regional organisation for the conservation and management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks as recommended by the United Nations Convention. These countries consist of two coastal states and two distant water fishing nations (DWFNs). A characteristic function game approach is applied to de...

Above a certain level of cerebral activation the brain increases its uptake of glucose more than that of O(2), i.e., the cerebral metabolic ratio of O(2)/(glucose + 12 lactate) decreases. This study quantified such surplus brain uptake of carbohydrate relative to O(2) in eight healthy males who performed exhaustive exercise. The arterial-venous differences over the brain for O(2), glucose, and ...

OBJECTIVES The amount of medical utilization by Medical Aid recipients was 3.7 times that of patients with Korean Medical Insurance. This study aims to describe the surplus medicine and the medication-related utilization, and to determine factors contributing to surplus medicine. METHODS Among those who used copayment-free Class I Medical Aid in 2005, 146,880 subjects who were >/=19 year-old ...

The literature on treatment effects focuses on gross benefits from program participation. We extend this literature by developing conditions under which it is possible to identify parameters measuring the cost and net surplus from program participation. Using the generalized Roy model, we nonparametrically identify the cost, benefit, and net surplus of selection into treatment without requiring...