Microalgae are receiving much interest as a possible biofuels feedstock, resulting in increasing research and development efforts. Biofuels from microalgae are potentially important sources of liquid renewable energy carriers, replacing petrol. Algae are not produced on a large-scale yet, but research shows promising results. Biofuel production needs water, an increasingly scarce resource. The ...

This paper aims to use quantitative risk analysis, risk modelling and simulation modelling tools to assess the performance of a proprietary single house grey water recycling system. A preliminary Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP) identified the main hazards, both health related and economic, associated with installing the recycling system in a domestic environment. The health related consequ...

Pressures on urban, peri-urban and rural water and agricultural systems are increasingly complex with multiple interacting stresses and impacts. As a way of addressing these issues there has been increasing consideration as to how to build and manage resilience in these complex social-ecological systems. This paper presents a case study of the role of water recycling for agricultural use within...

This paper deals with the performance of hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) combining the precoagulation/sedimentation and membrane bioreactor. The hybrid MBR not only produces the treated water with excellent permeate quality but also shows much lower membrane fouling than the conventional MBR. It may come from its extremely low F/M ratio to maintain the low viscosity even in the high MLSS conce...

One of the aspects of insect osmoregulation that has most intrigued researchers is the ability of a simple tubular epithelium, such as the Malpighian tubule, to create both hypo- and hyperosmotic urine. Indeed, Ramsay's initial observation that isolated tubules could secrete a hypoosmotic urine led him to attribute the phenomenon to the active transport of water. In the ensuing decades several ...

background: economical category is an influential area which determines the activity potential in every business. studying the market is one of the effective methods in economical evaluations. recycling market is investigated in order to study and analysis current recycling market and to determine the rate of investment and business attractions in this field in isfahan province. methods: inform...

With a constantly growing population, water scarcity becomes the limiting factor for further social and economic growth. To achieve a partial reduction in current freshwater demands and lessen the environmental loadings, an increasing trend in the water market tends to adopt recycled water for household laundries as a new recycled water application. The installation of a small pre-treatment uni...

There is a worldwide and increasing shortage of potable fresh water. Modern water reclamation technologies can alleviate much of the problem by converting wastewater directly into drinking water, but there is public resistance to these approaches that has its basis largely in psychology. A psychological problem is encapsulated in the saying of those opposing recycled water: “toilet to tap.” We ...

The Smith housing system — small houses with students from all class years — is one of the school's greatest assets and sources of pride. But from the point of view of sustainability, it’s inefficient. In this study, I examined the two types of housing available at Smith — co-operative and traditional — to determine which is potentially more sustainable, or “greener.” In the co-ops, students ar...