Electric water heaters, which have the capacity to act as thermal energy storage, are well suited demand management strategies in smart grid applications. However, finding balance between managing power load, reducing losses, user’s convenience, and bacterial growth control, requires accurate modelling of internal dynamics tank, including stratification. As a black box, this unknown is dependen...

The aim of this study is to find the optimal water pressure and percentage of supply vapour in the feed water heaters (fwhs) of steam power plants, such that they maximize the thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle within pre-specified values of minimum and maximum pressures of the thermodynamic cycle. Thermal efficiency is defined as a function of unknown variables (fluid pressure and vap...

The level of income the inhabitants in a township has an impact on potential to have adequate access electricity. bulk domestic energy sources needed residential buildings is derived from electrical energy. In South Africa, base load electricity coal thermal power plants. However, environmental associated with combustion plants cause for concern. This study was designed identify common mode san...

The goal of the inverse analysis is to find a set of heaters over some parts of boundary, called the heater surface, to satisfy the desired heat flux profile over the design surface. Micro-genetic algorithm is employed to inverse design of a radiant enclosure with absorbing-emitting medium. The direct problem of radiative heat transfer is solved by the discrete transfer method. The inverse prob...

Evacuated tube solar water heater systems are widely used in China due to their high thermal efficiency, simple construction requirements, and low manufacturing costs. CPC evacuated tube solar water heaters with a geometrical concentration ratio C of less than one are rare. A comparison of the experimental rig of evacuated tube solar water heater systems with and without a mini-CPC reflector wa...

Current practice is to install clear juice heaters ahead of first effect evaporators to ensure that the juice entering the evaporator is above its boiling temperature, allowing flashing to occur on entry. The alternative, of allowing the juice heating to take place in the evaporator, is sometimes rejected on the basis that heating transfer performance of an evaporator is very poor when operatin...

The transition to the new generation power grid, or “smart grid”, requires novel ways of using and analyzing data collected from the grid infrastructure. Fundamental functionalities like demand response (DR), that the smart grid needs, rely heavily on the ability of the energy providers and distributors to forecast the load behavior of appliances under different DR strategies. This paper presen...