The battle against HIV is beingwaged onmany fronts, fromprevention efforts to the development of new antiviral therapies. Although the body’s immune system is ultimately overcome if an infection is left untreated, there are numerous lines of host defense that, when augmented, could counter HIV’s relentless assault. This Select highlights recent advances in understanding the interplay between HI...

Peroxyl radicals have a key role in the degradation of volatile organics in the atmosphere, as well as the oxidation of cellular lipids and other integral biomolecules. The excited electronic (B) state of alkylperoxyl radicals is dissociative and lies reliably in the ultraviolet region. Arylperoxyl radicals, on the other hand, are predicted to have a dissociative state accessible within the vis...

Sir, The recent review article ‘Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications’ (Cramer et al., 2011) is in many respects an impressively sophisticated summary of current knowledge of CNS plasticity and its potential translation to important new therapeutic applications. However, this otherwise excellent article has one very major omission: anyone reading it who did not already know bette...

Inspired by Peter Wegner’s analysis of the paradigm shift from algorithms to interaction and of his conclusion that “proving correctness of interactive systems is not merely difficult but impossible,” we outline some consequences that we see inevitable for the specification and design of interactive systems. The technical feasibility of the proposed solutions has been justified by theoretical r...

W e have a thriving biotechnology industry in the United States. There are over 1,450 biotechnology companies developing diagnostic and treatment technologies in medicine, creating more nutritional foods, and innovating new industrial processes.1 Yet this $28.5 billion sector of the economy is not without controversy.2 The “bio” in biotechnology comes from living, biological entities – people, ...

Over the past year, several hundred Army officers have discussed tactical and military management scenarios using an electronic collaborative learning environment. The scenarios were either “Think Like a Commander” scenarios developed at Ft. Leavenworth or “Tacit Knowledge of Military Leadership” scenarios developed jointly by the Army Research Institute and Yale University. A standard threaded...

The effective information processing (e.g. search, organization) of the heterogeneous information spaces requires metadata layer above the resources. However, the acquisition of resource metadata and domain models are challenging tasks. Here, the crowdsourcing has emerged as an alternative to expert-based and automated semantics acquisition approaches. One of its branches are the games with a p...

Besides the ability of making learning more interesting, educators and researchers have been exploring other pedagogical potentials of computer games. How to employ games for constructivist learning and teaching has become an attention in the field of education and game design in recent years. This article gives an introduction to game-based learning. On top of discussing games’ intrinsic educa...