Water-Electrolyte Balance in Blood Pressure Homeostasis Much of what human life is about is water (60% of body mass) and a handful of solutes. Of the latter, main cations include sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and the anions include chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate and organic anions, and proteins. The concentrations of sodium (135–145 mmol/L) and chloride (95–106 mmol/L) predominat...

The analysis of soil water partitioning in seasonally dry climates necessarily requires careful consideration of the periodic climatic forcing at the intra-annual timescale in addition to daily scale variabilities. Here, we introduce three new extensions to a stochastic soil moisture model which yields seasonal evolution of soil moisture and relevant hydrological fluxes. These approximations al...

PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED receptor (PPAR)is one of the three PPAR subtypes (PPAR , PPAR / , and PPAR ) that are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily (7, 12, 13, 19). Far beyond the stimulation of peroxisome proliferation in rodents after which they were initially named, PPARs control the transcription of large number of genes inv...

Partitioning of rainfall into evapotranspiration and runoff is controlled by climate and catchment characteristics. The degree of control exerted by these factors varies with the spatial and temporal scales of processes being modelled. Understanding individual hydrological processes and their relationships with climatic and catchment characteristics is an important step in predicting catchment ...

water changes information in the hydrological system, in time and space, as an environmental issue takes heed of managers and decision makers in watershed management and river engineering, which can be addressed by using spatially distributed modeling. in this study simulation of water balance components in taleghan mountainous watershed is performed using the spatially distributed hydrological...

Total body water and tonicity is tightly regulated by renal action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, norepinephrine and by the thirst mechanism. Abnormalities in water balance are manifested as sodium disturbances--hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Hyponatremia ([Na+ < 136 meq/ l]) is a common abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased ...

Many medical and surgical emergencies are complicated by derangement of water and electrolyte balance, the successful management of which depends upon the rapid assessment of essential clinical and laboratory data, and the prompt institution of a certain pre-arranged routine of treatment. An attempt is made in this review to illustrate the application of physiological principles to specific cli...

s modem respiratory intensive care becomes A increasingly well defined as a subspecialty, it is important to critically evaluate the effect of various types of ventilatory support on the patient as a whole. One aspect of the general care of the respiratory patient with which the physician must deal is fluid and electrolyte balance. The original report of Sladen et al,' suggesting that sodium an...

Dietary electrolyte balance is calculated as the sum of Na and K minus Cl and is expressed in mEq/kg of diet. The manipulation of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) to enhance lactation and reproductive performance in dairy cattle and laying hens is not a new concept. However, the effects of dEB on reproduction and lactation in sows have not been elucidated. Thus, our objective for the experimen...

[Purpose] This research was designed to find out how the so-called "dynamic balance" is affected by doing different types of warm up exercises. In particular, the research is focused on the difference in the effect on dynamic Balance of warming up in water versus on the ground. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy adults were the subjects of this study, with 10 people assigned each to two grou...