With climate change and a burgeoning future world population there will be an increased need to reuse treated wastewater for a variety of uses including domestic water supplies as a water conservation measure. While there are technologies for partial treatment for the reuse of wastewater, in some areas of the world there is presently unregulated reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation a...

background: selection of different wastewater treatment methods depends on the kind of wastewater, geographical position of the community, quantity and quality of wastewater and effluent, technology and finance. natural wastewater treatment methods are simple, cheap and acceptable for developing countries specially small and remote countries and wetland is one of these methods. wetlands include...

The current paper presents an institutional analysis of wastewater (non) treatment and reuse scenario using the case study of Hyderabad, India. The objective of the institutional analysis in the current study is to determine the extent and the character of an observed gap between declared rules (formal) and rules-in-use (informal practices) in the context of wastewater disposal, use and its adv...

The use of constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater has steadily increased in the last decades. Besides the direct benefits of water purification, these systems are also associated with high ancillary benefits deriving from the creation of a natural habitat that is aesthetically pleasant, supports local wildlife and is suitable for recreational and cultural activities. This paper aims a...

the effluent quality of a sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process and finally secondary treatment depends on the flocculation efficiency and settling of the flocs. the survey of various treatment processes in water and wastewater treatment shows that temperature and ph are the important factors affecting efficiency of flocculation and settling properties. this study was performed ...

Figure 1. Typical sewage treatment works schematic flow diagram in Hong Kong Hong Kong has the geographical advantage of being situated on the coast and therefore it is possible to use dual water supply systems (fresh + sea water systems in two separate distribution networks) for potable and non-potable uses. From the sea water supply system, about three quarters of the population in Hong Kong ...

Moringa oleifera is a pan tropical, multipurpose tree whose seeds contain a high quality edible oil (up to 40% by weight) and water soluble proteins that act as effective coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. The use of this natural coagulant material has not yet realised its potential. A water extract of M. oleifera seed was applied to a wastewater treatment sequence comprising coagul...