Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace lead have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, and considers the features of the application with several spectrometric techniques. The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a...

Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace lead have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, and considers the features of the application with several spectrometric techniques. The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a...

Introduction Commercial production of large-area silicon drift detectors (SDDs) heralds an exciting new time in biological elemental analysis. Improved low-energy performance and higher collection efficiencies mean EDS is no longer limited by low count rates and poor solid angles. High count rates can be achieved on all types of materials, including soft biological tissues, without altering nor...

Digital medicine based on the integration of all medical data from a particular patient has become reality today, thanks to information technology. Traditional examinations can be supplemented by assessment results oxidative-anti-oxidative (OAO) status body. Electrochemical sensors are able not only determine integral indicators OAO system body but also depict details processes occurring in sys...