A major challenge for the 21 st century will be the efficient use of all resources to minimize wastage. Lack of fresh water is becoming one of the largest and most universal of the resource problems that we face in the new century. This leads us to consider the options for turning wastewaters into useful resources, with recovery of the water for reuse. Therefore, wastewater has become an essent...

The current paper assesses the reliability coefficients of fifty six low-cost, full-scale wastewater treatment plants, including nine different treatment technologies for wastewater reuse in aquaculture and agriculture in northeast Brazil. This was carried out with the aim to evaluate alternatives for sustainable wastewater reuse in communities experiencing water scarcity. The technologies eval...

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing problem and a public health issue. In recent decades, various genetic mechanisms involved in the spread of resistance genes among bacteria have been identified. Integrons - genetic elements that acquire, exchange, and express genes embedded within gene cassettes (GC) - are one of these mechanisms. Integrons are widely distributed, especia...

In this study, the energy consumption of Nasirabad Industrial Park (NIP) treatment plant was evaluated. A combination of up-flow anaerobic baffled reactor (UABR) and aerobic integrated fixed-bed activated sludge (IFAS) processes were employed in NIP. To find out the average electrical energy use per m3 influent wastewater, the rate of energy usage of the plant was calculated by data ...

population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. if unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. so, this paper tries t...