INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for evaluating and approving the medications we prescribe. The FDA reviews post-market experience and monitors adverse drug reactions or unexpected effects. One of the strictest warnings the FDA can apply to a medication is a Boxed warning or Black Box warning. “Drugs that have special problems, particularly ones that may lead to deat...

Drought information systems have multiple sub-systems which include an integrated risk assessment, communication and decision support system of which early warning is a central component and output. There are numerous drought systems warning systems being implemented at different scales of governance from the international to the community. An early warning system is much more than a forecast-i...

Previous studies have shown that saccadic eye responses but not manual responses were sensitive to the kind of warning signal used, with visual onsets producing longer saccadic latencies compared to visual offsets. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of distinct warning signals on manual latencies and to test the premise that the onset interference, in fact, does not occur...

Abstract The aim of any early warning systems is to provide warning to people of an impending natural hazard so that those vulnerable are aware of the potential impact of the natural processes in order to respond appropriately and minimise damage. This paper looks at variables affecting the implementation of flood hazard early warning systems in a flood prone area of Zimbabwe. Documenting the e...

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act opened the possibility for tobacco companies to apply to market their products as having "modified" or reduced risks. However, research on how to communicate comparative tobacco risks and how such messages are interpreted is limited. This study aimed to qualitatively examine perceptions of potential modified risk statements presented as...

Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States. Although previous research suggests that social influences affect human responses to natural disaster warnings, no studies have examined the social impacts of heat or heat warnings on a population. Here, 201 surveys were distributed in Metropolitan Phoenix to determine the social impacts of the heat warning system, or more specifi...

—Early-warning information transmission can provide warning before emergence occur to avoid accident, and the key point is making the right vehicles in need obtain the right information. The stability of network structure and the effectiveness of channel allocation are deemed to be the key factors influencing early-warning information transmission performance. Considering Environmental noise f...

To more effectively cope with the network public sentiment emergency involved many intervalvalued warning indexes, we present a new method of early warning index selection and weight assignment for uncertain network public sentiment emergency decision-making. By using a new interval fuzzy AHP, the interval weight of each early warning index of network public sentiment emergency can be obtained....

This paper describes an experiment to examine whether a visual warning system can improve detection of moving machine hazards that could result in struck-by or pinning accidents. Thirty-six participants, twelve each in one of three age groups, participated in the study. A visual warning system capable of providing four different modes of warning was installed on a continuous mining machine that...