The employment rate of black men, and particularly of low-skill black men, fell precipitously from 1960 to 2000. At the same time, the incarceration rate of black men rose markedly. This paper examines the relation between immigration and these trends in black employment and incarceration. Using data drawn from the 1960-2000 U.S. Censuses, we find a strong correlation between immigration, black...

Poverty is one of the most complex problems in a country's economy, including region. Therefore, efforts to reduce poverty must be carried out comprehensively. The purpose this study was analyze effect unemployment rate, Regional Minimum Wage (RMW), and Human Development Index (IPM) on rate districts Bantul, Sleman, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo, City Yogyakarta 2015-2019. analytical method used pa...

Wages and Productivity Growth in a Dynamic Monopoly* This Paper studies the intertemporal problem of a monopolistic firm that engages in productivity-enhancing innovations to reduce its labour costs. If the level of wages is sufficiently low, the firm’s rate of productivity growth approaches the rate of wage growth and eventually the firm reaches a steady state where its unit labour cost remain...

Between 1920 and 1990, the current annual average wage of individuals increased twenty-five-fold, while prices rose seven-fold. Thus, on the average, wage-earners increased their purchasing power by more than three and a half times over these 70 years. These gains were not obtained at a uniform rate over the entire period, however. During the first two decades, the changes in real wages were qu...

A price rise signifies a fall in purchasing power, if there is no commensurate increase in income. Thus the pertinent question in the face of the phenomenal rise during the 1990s in the prices of the food articles, which account for a major chunk of the total expenditure of the poor, is whether there has been a corresponding increase in the incomes of the poor. The present paper is a modest att...

I thank the referee for reading the paper and for alerting me that I have to phrase things more carefully in order to avoid misreading. Main concerns 1. The entire point is based on misreading the paper. The referee interprets the reservation wage R as relating to the unemployed or people engaged in home production, whereas I have written (I quote the entire paragraph, where the reservation wag...

This paper presents a dynamic model of structural unemployment and occupational choice in which an economy is subjected to aggregate reallocation shocks. Reallocation shocks, which change the relative labour productivity across occupations, drive variation in the distribution of workers across occupations. The wage paid to workers in a given occupation depends on its labour productivity and the...

In this paper we study the consumption, labor supply, and portfolio decisions of an infinitely-lived individual who receives a riskless wage rate and income from investment into a risky asset. Uncertainty about wage income arises endogenously, because labor supply evolves randomly over time in response to changes in financial wealth. We derive closed-form solutions for the optimal policies, and...

globalization may have different impacts on the gender wage gap depending on the specialization and trade pattern as well as the socio-economic situation. the main purpose of this paper is to examine an impact of globalization on gender wage inequality. specifically, the hypothesis is that globalization reduces gender wage gap. for this, we have employed a panel technique for 21 selected develo...