in this study, the diffusivity and volumetric mass transfer coefficients for the extraction of β-carotene from crude palm oil using co2 solvent in supercritical fluid were determined in the pressure range of 7.5-17.5 mpa and temperature range of 80-120 ºc. for this purpose, a statistical method was applied in order to minimize the number of experiments required. the volumetric mass transfer coe...

Small photon field used in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radio surgery (SRS). It is difficult to measure beam profile and output factor because of electron disequilibrium, partial shutting of source because of this challenges, we need the good detector. This article is collection of 5 or more article and summary of the results of EBT3 that compared with EBT2 film ...

The modern practice of radiation therapy relies on volumetric patient images. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been the primary imaging modality used in radiation oncology for over two decades. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are increasingly becoming an important component of the treatment planning process. CT studies provide information not...

This study evaluated the radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on the bone repair process in tibiae of female rats. For such purpose, 100 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=25), according to the treatment received: administration of distilled water (control); administration of sodium selenite; gamma radiation; and administration of sodium s...

Radiation medicine has previously utilized planning methods based primarily on anatomic and volumetric imaging technologies such as CT (Computerized Tomography), ultrasound, and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). In recent years, it has become apparent that a new dimension of non-invasive imaging studies may hold great promise for expanding the utility and effectiveness of the treatment planning...

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is considered to be one of the options to treat the prostate cancer. Due to advanced development in EBRT such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), it is possible to deliver conformal dose to the target while minimizing dose to the organs at risk (OAR). The VMAT can deliver modulated radiation beam wit...

Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities for cancer. Its purpose is to deliver prescribed radiation doses to cancerous targets using high energy radiation beams while sparing nearby healthy organs. The treatment planning process of radiotherapy is an optimization problem, where beam parameters, such as directions, shapes, and intensities, can be adjusted in simula...

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the second law performance of double diffusive forced convection in microreactors with the inclusion of nanofluid and radiation effects. The investigated microreactors consist of a single microchannel, fully filled by a porous medium. The transport of heat and mass are analysed by including the thick walls and a first order, catalytic chemical ...

In this research, the influence of bolt preload on the fatigue strength of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy double lap bolted joints has been studied experimentally and numerically. To do so, three sets of the specimens were prepared and each of them subjected to tightening torque of 1,2.5 and 5 N-m and then fatigue tests were conducted under various cyclic axial load levels. In the numerical method, th...