introduction: health care is considered as one of the basic needs of human societies. health insurance is the most appropriate option for all individuals to enjoy equal health care. however, today, different types of health insurance are facing with various problems which need to be solved through new laws. therefore, health insurance portability and accountability act (hipaa) was approved to s...

Objectives: The present study aims to compare acoustic voice parameters in patients with vocal cord nodules, polyps, and normal subjects.  Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, the participants were selected by convenience sampling, including 30 patients with vocal polyps group, 38 patients with vocal nodules for the second group, and 42 participants without voice pathologies a...

Introduction: Surgical procedures, especially total laryngectomy, have a profound adverse effect on the patient's physical, functional, as well as emotional health, and strongly decrease quality of life. Tracheoesophageal puncture is one of the most significant method that is widely performed successfully by physicians. Current valve technology enables long expiring duration; however, gen...

The paper investigates empirically how governance institutions mediate the link between financial development and inequality. To this aim, we assemble a dataset of 48 middle- high-income countries for period 1996-2014. Results, obtained by means instrumental variables dynamic panel data models, reveal that is pro-inequality; however, strength relationship attenuated in contexts with stricter co...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the nexus between governance and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach focus on 44 countries SSA with data from 1996 2016. empirical evidence based Tobit regressions. Findings It apparent findings that political institutional are negatively related sampled countries. unexpected clarified policy implic...

The voice-exit mechanism is a critical area of research due to its significant implications for corporate decision-making accountability and transparency. A thorough understanding the advantages disadvantages this can lead development more effective strategies improve governance increase shareholder value. Academic business literature have thoroughly debated analysed notions voice exit mechanis...