B-vitamins are recognized as essential organic growth factors for many organisms, although little is known about their abundance and distribution in marine ecosystems. Despite their metabolic functions regulating important enzymatic reactions, the methodology to directly measure different B-vitamins in aquatic environments has only recently been developed. Here, we present the first direct meas...

SARAL, Y., COSKUN, B.K., OZTURK, P., KARATAS, F. and AYAR, A. Assessment of Salivary and Serum Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2005, 206 (4), 305-312 ── Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by recurrent, painful oral aphthae. Although the exact cause of RAU is not know...

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy could impair fetal growth and that antioxidant vitamins (e.g. vitamins A, E and C) have a significant role in maintaining physiological processes of pregnancy and growth. AIMS To determine the concentrations of vitamins A, E, and C in pair-matched maternal and cord serum samples of neonate, and thus to inve...

Cobalamins are vit.B12 compounds which differ for the cobalt-linked ligand: methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) are the biochemical active compounds. Vit.B12 is present in the plasma as MeCbl, 5kdeoxyAdoCbl, and hydroxoCbl. The actions of vit.B12 are several, some still unknown. HydroxoCbl has clear scavenging properties against nitric oxide (NO) (1). Such scavenging properti...

Vitamins are now available at reasonable prices, much is known about modes of action and there is a rich literature on dietary surveys. Forty years ago the classical deficiency diseases were rampant and Edward Mellanby used to say that the difficulty was ‘to get vitamins down the throats of those who need them’. Since that time normal diets have improved and welfare schemes have been adopted so...

CVD is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. In recent years its importance has expanded internationally and it is believed that by 2020 it will be the biggest cause of mortality in the world, emphasising the importance to prevent or minimise this increase. A beneficial role for vitamins in CVD has long been explored but the data are still inconsistent. While being supp...

Vitamins are defined as essential micronutrients that are required in trace quantity and cannot be synthesized by mammals. Apart from their in vivo nutritional and physiological roles as growth factors for men, animals, plants and microorganisms, vitamins are now being increasingly introduced as food/feed additives, as medical-therapeutic agents, as health aids, and also as technical aids. Prod...

Algae are simple photosynthetic eukaryotes which—owing to their colonization of the oceans—are responsible for up to 50% of the planet’s atmospheric carbon fixation (22). They comprise a diverse group that can broadly be defined as unicellular (microalgae) or multicellular (macroalgae) photosynthetic organisms that lack roots, stems, leaves, conducting vessels, and complex sex organs (55). A si...