Number facts are commonly assumed to be verbally stored in an associative multiplication fact retrieval network. Prominent evidence for this assumption comes from so-called operand-related errors (e.g., 4 × 6 = 28). However, little is known about the development of this network in children and its relation to verbal and non-verbal memories. In a longitudinal design, we explored elementary schoo...

Finger gnosis and magnitude comparison were examined as predictors of adult numeracy. Previous findings were extended by (1) controlling for domain-general comparison processes (using a luminance judgment task), (2) controlling for visuo-spatial memory, and (3) examining the robustness of the relations across different numeracy tests, including exact and approximate calculations. Control variab...

This study assessed the developmental links between children's working memory development and their relations with teachers and peers across 2 years of kindergarten and early elementary school. Kindergarten and first grade children, N = 1109, 50% boys, were followed across 2 school-years. Children were assessed across 3 waves, in the fall and spring of the first school-year (within school-year)...

Development dyslexia (DD) is a common language disorder, that significantly affects children. Despite having ordinary intelligence, dyslexic people struggle with reading, writing, and comprehension in their native tongue. It still unclear whether kids have difficulties visuo-spatial working memory. Using meta-analysis, this gap was filled. Applying Boolean search on Web of Science necessary to ...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking rates in schizophrenia are higher than in the general population. OBJECTIVES To determine whether cigarette smoking modifies cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and to establish the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in mediating cigarette smoking-related cognitive enhancement. DESIGN Neuropsychological assessments were performed at smoking basel...

While processing of a large number of (visuo-spatial) items are oftentimes necessary for ongoing cognitive activities, the biological working memory can process only about four items of information. Then it is a mystery how we cope with complex world situations. This is the paradox of working memory. This paradox is solved once we view the external features of the world as constituting part of ...

The ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digits of the hand is an indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure and has been shown to be a within sex correlate of various abilities, such as visuo-spatial processing in men. However, a number of studies report such links also exist in women, whilst others show no link for either sex. Using a unique paradigm that sub-divides visuo-spatial processi...