Movie posters, a multimodal genre used to attract viewers, are complex form of communication that contains verbal and visual semiotic resources. The entertainment company Marvel has created cinematic universe where movie posters play an essential role in marketing. Despite Marvel’s global influence sociocultural practices, few studies investigate its posters. Hence, this study analyzes the stru...

Abstract Task-based language teaching has received increased attention in second language research. However, the combination of structured input-based approach and task-based language teaching has not been examined in relation to L2 grammar learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the structured input-based tasks with and without explicit information impacted learners’ ...

this paper evaluates pedagogical grammar in the coursebooks of teaching persian non-iranian language learners. the study is based on communicative approach and pedagogical grammar. to evaluate the contents of those books, several checklists and grading scales were investigated and finally, an integrated checklist consisted of 20 questions was provided to be used in this study. in providing this...

GENGED is a generic graphical editor supporting the graphical definition of visual languages. Given an alphabet and rules of a specific visual language GENGED generates a syntax-directed graphical editor for this language. GENGED as well as each visual language defined using GENGED is based on algebraic graph grammars. A sentence is given by a graphical structure consisting of a logical (abstra...

Formalisms for visual language specification have been investigated for more than two decades now. However, there has been little attempt to develop a systematic and comprehensive hierarchy of visual languages based on formal properties. Given the importance of the Chomsky hierarchy in the theory of textual languages and the difficulty of comparing the different visual language formalisms, it i...

Materials evaluation studies have constantly demonstrated that there is no one fixed procedure for conducting textbook evaluation studies. Instead, the criteria must be selected according to the needs and objectives of the context in which evaluation takes place. The speaking skill as part of the communicative competence has been emphasized as an important objective in language teaching. The pr...

A visual hemifield experiment investigated hemispheric specialization among hearing children and adults and prelingually, profoundly deaf youngsters who were exposed intensively to Cued Speech (CS). Of interest was whether deaf CS users, who undergo a development of phonology and grammar of the spoken language similar to that of hearing youngsters, would display similar laterality patterns in t...

Abstract Task-based language teaching has received increased attention in second language research. However, the combination of structured input-based approach and task-based language teaching has not been examined in relation to L2 grammar learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the structured input-based tasks with and without explicit information impacted learners’ ...

this study examines differences in non-native efl teachers’ beliefs about grammar and teaching grammar. the differences were sought across teachers’ work environment- private school versus state schools-, degree, gender, and teaching experience. a sample of 130 efl teachers teaching at junior high school, high schools, and private language institutes were randomly selected. the sample consisted...

The automatic reconstruction of roofs and buildings has been an important research topic during the last years. This paper elaborates on the automatic and semi-automatic reconstruction of roofs from aerial laser scan data. Two approaches are considered in detail. First, a program has been developed, which segments laser scan data into planar patches, labels them according to their adjacency, an...