In estuarine wetlands, the daily periodic tidal activity has a profound effect on plant growth and reproduction. We studied the effects of tidal action on pollination and reproductive allocation of Sagittaria graminea. Results showed that the species had very different reproductive allocation in tidal and non-tidal habitats. In the tidal area, seed production was only 9.7% of that in non-tidal ...

This paper studies the target visitation arc routing problem on an undirected graph. combines well-known rural postman and linear ordering problem. In this problem, there is a set of required edges partitioned into targets, which must be traversed are pairwise preferences for order in some targets serviced, generates revenue if preference satisfied. The aim to find tour that traverses all at le...

Nature-based tourism can generate important revenue to support conservation of biodiversity. However, constant exposure to tourists and subsequent chronic activation of stress responses can produce pathological effects, including impaired cognition, growth, reproduction, and immunity in the same animals we are interested in protecting. Utilizing fecal samples (N = 53) from 2 wild habituated ora...

This Article considers the notable developments in Indiana family law during survey period of October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018. The published appellate cases surveyed this concern property division upon divorce, parenting time and visitation, child custody, support, adoption paternity, CHINS termination parental rights, jurisdiction procedure.

Visitation counts are the measures most widely used by park managers to demonstrate accountability and good stewardship of the public resources that legislatures invest in parks. Ostensibly, counting visitors may appear to be a simple task, but experienced park managers are aware that it is a complicated and difficult challenge with three dimensions: human, logistical, and technical. Part of th...

Here, we report on the results of an experimental study that assessed the visitation frequency of wild bees to conspecific flowers with different sized floral guides. UV absorbent floral guides are ubiquitous in Angiosperms, yet surprisingly little is known about conspecific variation in these guides and very few studies have evaluated pollinator response to UV guide manipulation. This is true ...

Pollinators for animal pollinated crops can be provided by natural and semi-natural habitats, ranging from large vegetation remnants to small areas of non-crop land in an otherwise highly modified landscape. It is unknown, however, how different small- and large-scale habitat patches interact as pollinator sources. In the intensively managed Argentine Pampas, we studied the additive and interac...