Persistent viral infections causing serious diseases derive, primarily, from altered function of the immune system. Knowledge of the very complex composition and function of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system is essential to understanding persistent infection. The best solution to the problem of persistent infection is by prevention using prophylactic vaccines. Hit and run vi...

The safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (VAQTA, Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA) were investigated in 28 seronegative healthy adult volunteers. The age range was 25-35 years, and the mean age was 29 years. Two doses of the vaccine, each containing 50 U of hepatitis A virus antigen, were administered into the deltoid region 24 weeks apart. No seriou...

results analyzing of collected data resulted in the wrapping up the hepatitis virus detection methods in separate sections including 1) immunological methods such as enzyme immunoassay (eia), radio-immunoassay (ria) immuno-chromatographic assay (ica), and immuno-chemiluminescence 2) molecular approaches including non-amplification and amplification based methods, and finally 3) advanced biosens...

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the travel-associated risks of hepatitis A and B, and the extent of pre-travel health-advice being sought may vary between countries. METHODS An online survey was undertaken to assess the awareness, advice-seeking behaviour, rates of vaccination against hepatitis A and B and adherence rates in Australia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK and Canada between Au...

800x600 hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). several factors such as serum hbv dna level, genotype and specific viral mutations have been clarified to determine disease progression of chronic hepatitis b. among these, mutations can also occur in chronic hbv patients with antiviral treatment such as lamivudine the...

Hepatitis A vaccines prepared by formalin inactivation of purified cell-culture grown hepatitis A virus are licensed in several European countries. The potencies of these vaccines are expressed in units unique to each manufacturer. Standardisation of potency statements requires establishment of an international reference material. At its 1999 meeting, the ECBS(2) established a preparation coded...

Cancer related deaths have shown a progressive increase over the past decade and the newer cases of cancers are estimated to rise in 2030. The current treatment modalities available for cancer are highly toxic, impair quality of life and develop resistance with course of time. Thus, there is a growing necessity for the prevention and cure of cancer related morbidity and mortality. One of the pr...