The rapid evolution of drug resistance remains a major obstacle for HIV therapy. The capacity of the virus for recombination is widely believed to facilitate the evolution of drug resistance. Here, we challenge this intuitive view. We develop a population genetic model of HIV replication that incorporates the processes of mutation, cellular superinfection, and recombination. We show that cellul...

Understanding the factors that modulate the evolution of virus populations is essential to design efficient control strategies. Mathematical models predict that factors affecting viral within-host evolution may also determine that at the between-host level. Although HIV-1 within-host evolution has been associated with clinical factors used to monitor AIDS progression, such as patient age, CD4 c...

“Nothing in biology makes sense except the light of evolution”[1] and this is no less true for viral pathogens than it their host species. To appreciate full extent challenges ...

Motivation: Multiple coronavirus genomes are normally organized by genomic information in a phylogenic tree to illustrate evolutionary variations. A novel scheme is represented arrange various two indexes as 2D maps. Results: For genome, unique invariants of provide an absolute position on region real measurements. Clustering effects provided complementary from Phylogeny technology. Samples sev...

We consider the concerted evolution of viral genomes in four families of DNA viruses. Given the high rate of horizontal gene transfer among viruses and their hosts, it is an open question as to how representative particular genes are of the evolutionary history of the complete genome. To address the concerted evolution of viral genes, we compared genomic evolution across four distinct, extant v...

BACKGROUND HIV genetic diversity implicates major challenges for the control of viral infection by the immune system and for the identification of an effective immunotherapeutic strategy. With the present case report we underline as HIV evolution could be effectively halted by early antiretroviral treatment (eART). Few cases supported this evidence due to the difficulty of performing amplificat...