Village banks and other financial institutions often have very simple contracts that seem to rule out some transactions on an ad hoc basis. In one Thai village bank, for example, all loans must be in multiples of one thousand baht. If you want to borrow 1,500 baht, you are out of luck. All of the loans that this bank makes must be repaid on December 31, and the same amount must be repaid regard...

Abstract Context The Sanjiangyuan region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau—also known as “Three Rivers’ Headwaters”—is origin Yellow, Yangtze, and Mekong Rivers therefore key water source for hundreds millions downstream residents. Protecting this region’s ecosystems is a priority sustainable development in China Asia. An important social dimension long-established widespread presence Tibetan Budd...

This article aims to contribute the current debate on role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in arable land productivity. The study uses Kainam Village ecosystem as a case describe Iraqw community-based knowledge that supports their livelihoods. applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods analyse indigenous practices resources utilization. conceptual framework around which mo...

Modern genetic samples are commonly used to trace dog origins, which entails untested assumptions that village dogs reflect indigenous ancestry or that breed origins can be reliably traced to particular regions. We used high-resolution Y chromosome markers (SNP and STR) and mitochondrial DNA to analyze 495 village dogs/dingoes from the Middle East and Southeast Asia, along with 138 dogs from >3...

This paper presents the baseline of a framework for building electronic villages of local interest as communities of practice. In this context, an electronic village is considered as a multi-sector virtual organization in which electronic squads are formed as coalitions of representatives from different sectors to work together for a period of time to realize a common mission. We assume tight c...

The spatial and temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae mosquitos in houses in the village of Sille in Ethiopia was monitored in 1990-91. Monthly mosquito densities in over 300 houses were obtained, and the data for each month were plotted on maps, which indicated clustering of mosquitos within the village. Spatial analysis using "kriging" techniques demonstrated clustering towards the edges...

How do we write about Palestinian village life in the first half of the 20th century? The absence of peasants and other nonelites from the social and cultural history of this period contrasts with the prominent role they play in contemporary scholarship regarding the political history of this period. In similar situations in other parts of the world, historians are left with only official recor...

Little work has been done on prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the rural area of Gandhinagar. This paper reports the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Raysan Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. The community based study was conducted by home to home survey through interviewing and communication technique. Specific data collection form was prepared for taking demograph...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...