background: angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) upregulation in stromal cells of joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis may lead to higher tissue angiotensin ii that is a vasoconstrictor and mitogen factor. to date, the role of angiotensin ii on regulating blood flow in inflamed joints has not been studied.   methods: acute and chronic joint inflammation was induced in rabbits by intra-articul...

distribution of retinal blood vessels (rbvs) in retinal images has an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. therefore, detection of the exact location of rbvs is very important for ophthalmologists. one of the frequently used techniques for extraction of these vessels is region growing-based se...

a hydroponic experiment was carried out to compare root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of four barley cultivars including valfajr, karoon, afzal and zarjo under salt stress conditions. the results showed that under salt stress, the minimum diameter of vessels was observed in the peripheral metaxylem of seminal roots of valfajr cultivar and in adventitious roots; karoon with 19±3 µm had maxi...

istry of these reactive forms of oxygen and their roles at graduate and professional scientists in or around the in signaling before placing them into signaling networks subject area. As such, it stands as a solid reference by describing their interactions with plant hormone sig-in a quite specific field of research that is otherwise naling pathways. The chapter stands out for its logical unadd...

Christian Seiler, Pascal Meier, and their co-workers of the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland, well known for their pioneering clinical work on the collateral circulation of the heart, have described a meta-analysis of 12 studies involving 6529 patients of the role played by the collateral circulation in mortality. The authors come to the conclusion that the ‘coronary collateralization h...

The UN Convention on the Law of Sea prescribes that vessels have nationality State whose flag they are entitled to fly and there must exist “a genuine link” between a “flag State” (a which entitles vessel its flag) vessels” (the States’ flag). But has neither definition term “genuine as legal link “legal rights – obligations”, nor defines vessels’ obligations. We analyzed status obligations rel...

Vascular imaging techniques such as DSA, CT angiography and MR angiography allow diagnosis of important clinical conditions involving the vasculature of the neck. However, the evaluation of the carotid arteries for clinically significant atherosclerotic disease is by far the most frequent indication for imaging the neck vasculature. As a result, this presentation will include discussion of impo...

In the present investigation vessels of 24 species of the family Apocynaceae have been studied. Lot of variation exist in the size and shape of vessels, number of perforation plates and intervascular thickening of walls in the taxa of Apocynaceae.