We show that a steady vertically-sheared current can produce a thin layer of plankton by differentially advecting an initial patch whose vertical and horizontal dimensions are H0 and L0, respectively. Our model treats the plankton as an inert passive tracer with vertical diffusivity kv and subject to a vertically-sheared horizontal current with shear a. After a transient of duration L0=aH0 the ...

Data about the effects of working environment and excessive physical loads on human growth and constitution are insufficient. Although there are a few studies which link growth retardation in children's stature and long bones to their exposure to hard labor, it is difficult to discern whether the detrimental effects of compressive forces on growth result solely from severe compressive stresses ...

Background: Pelvic dimensions display considerable individual, sexual and racial differences. Fetal pelvis has been utilized for sex determination as well as for prediction of congenital anomalies such as Down’s syndrome. Congenital anomalies diagnosed during intrauterine life are sometimes very useful especially if it could be corrected because such crucial step will lead to normal development...

Trust is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Organizational trust is an important part of professional relationships between co-workers, between managers and employees, or between employees and managers. Trust can be either interpersonal or institutional in nature. To measure, understand, and explain trust in an organizational context, it is important to identify different dimensions of ...

BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances requires - among others - the correct clinical expression of torque, which depends on the precise fitting of archwire and slot. Especially in the lingual technique torque problems become clinically more evident than in labial appliances also with respect to the vertical alignment of teeth due to different distances from the center of resist...

Among major benefits private labels bring to the retailer, we focus on the retailer’s ability to coordinate the prices of both the national brand and its store brand counterpart. By using product-line pricing, the retailer can exploit the differentiated nature of the two brands. This paper investigates the retailer’s problem of positioning her private label and the subsequent pricing issues. Wh...

The distortion of human pelvis X ray scans, due to different scanning positions, can cause huge mistakes in estimation of pelvic diameters. The aim of the study was to quantify distortion of pelvic diameters in relation to scanning inclination angles. Twenty anatomically defined spots on the pelvis of a young male cadaver, freed of soft tissues, were marked with 3 mm metal balls. The digitalize...

The automated discovery of recurrent patterns in music is a fundamental task in computational music analysis. This paper describes a new method for discovering patterns in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of polyphonic music. A formal representation of music objects is used to structure the musical surface, and several ideas for viewing pieces as successions of vertical structures are exa...

We analyze the differences between the horizontal and the vertical component of the simple random walk on the 2-dimensional comb. In particular we evaluate by combinatorial methods the asymptotic behaviour of the expected value of the distance from the origin, the maximal deviation and the maximal span in n steps, proving that for all these quantities the order is n for the horizontal projectio...

PURPOSES To determine axial, vertical, and horizontal eye dimensions in myopic and emmetropic eyes by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to relate these to different ocular expansion models of myopia development. METHODS The internal length (cornea to retina), height and width (both retina to retina) were measured in emmetropic and myopic eyes (up to -12 D) of 88 participants aged 18 ...