This longitudinal study examined morphosyntactic development in the heritage Arabic-L1 and English-L2 of first-generation Syrian refugee children (mean age = 9.5; range 6–13) within their first three years Canada. Morphosyntactic abilities were measured using sentence repetition tasks (SRTs) English Arabic that included diverse structures. Direct measures verbal non-verbal cognitive skills obta...

This article traces the stylistic consequences of attempt to map seemingly infinitely expanding networks trade and value in Frank Norris's The Octopus (1901). It focuses on rehearsal at level sentence characters' grappling with “terror sheer bigness,” complex interrelation public private, political personal, local global inaugurated by railroad's management distribution wheat. textures style—hi...

The current longitudinal study examined the consequences of spouses' tendencies to forgive their partners over the first 2 years of 72 new marriages. Though positive main effects between forgiveness and marital outcomes emerged cross-sectionally, spouses' tendencies to forgive their partners interacted with the frequency of those partners' negative verbal behaviors to predict changes in marital...

This paper is a reply to an accompanying set of six commentaries by Sidman; Hayes and Barnes; Schusterman, Kastak, and Reichmuth; Tonneau and Sokolowski; Lowenkron; and Moerk. Those commentaries were prompted by our article ‘‘On the Origins of Naming and Other Symbolic Behavior’’ (1996), which was, in turn, followed by 26 commentaries and a reply. In the course of the present reply, we further ...

Speech perception is often seen as a passive process guided by physical stimulus properties. However, ongoing brain dynamics could influence the subsequent perceptual organization of the speech, to an as yet unknown extent. To elucidate this issue, we analyzed EEG oscillatory activity before and immediately after the repetitive auditory presentation of words inducing the so-called verbal transf...

Associative theories have been widely used to explain human contingency learning. Standard experimental procedures in the field have requested verbal judgments as a measure of the cue-outcome relationships learned. According to these theories, knowledge retrieval is based on spreading activation processes. However, verbal judgments may allow or even promote the engagement of high-order processe...

Overloaded and disinterested consumers have become skillful at screening out ads. In response, advertisers employ and combine various strategies, with two major ones being (a) rhetorical figures (e.g., rhyme, puns) and (b) message repetition. Though each has received substantial research attention and is crucial to advertising theory, they have not been examined simultaneously. We conducted a m...

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by motor and vocal tics, and frontal/basal-ganglia abnormalities. Whereas cognitive strengths have been found in other neurodevelopmental disorders, less attention has been paid to strengths in TS, or to verbal strengths in any neurodevelopmental disorder. We examined whether the finding of speeded TS production of rule-governed morphological forms (e.g.,...

Theories of verbal rehearsal usually assume that whole words are being rehearsed. However, words consist of letter sequences, or syllables, or word onset-vowel-coda, amongst many other conceptualizations of word structure. A more general term is the 'grain size' of word units (Ziegler and Goswami, 2005). In the current study, a new method measured the quantitative percentage of correctly rememb...