This study examined how different components of working memory are involved in the acquisition of egocentric and allocentric survey knowledge by people with a good and poor sense of direction (SOD). We employed a dual-task method and asked participants to learn routes from videos with verbal, visual, and spatial interference tasks and without any interference. Results showed that people with a ...

We examined whether the type of response used to report items recalled from short-term memory affects the age difference in verbal and spatial memory spans. Younger and older adults viewed either a series of letters or a series of locations in a grid, and then they reported their memory for the items either vocally or by using a touch screen. Overall, age differences were larger for spatial mem...

Verbal working memory is recognized as a strong predictor of L2 reading development in the area of learning new vocabulary, reading comprehension, and overall L2 proficiency in alphabetic languages such as English. However, few studies have addressed if the same is true in logographic languages such as Japanese. Previous literature has indicated that phonology plays a weaker role in reading Jap...

OBJECTIVES To investigate cognitive components and mechanisms of learning and memory in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using a simple clinical measure, the Three Words Three Shapes Test (3W3S). BACKGROUND PPA patients can complain of memory loss and may perform poorly in standard tests of memory. The extent to which these signs and symptoms reflect dysfunction of the left hemisphere langua...

Previous studies have examined the relation of endogenous estrogen levels or estrogen replacement therapy to the risk of poor cognitive function, but results have been inconclusive. Bone mineral density has been proposed as a marker for cumulative estrogen exposure. The authors studied the relation of bone mineral density to the prevalence of verbal memory impairment among 4,304 elderly subject...

PURPOSE Memory deficits in epileptic patients have been found in some, but not all studies assessing the effects of side of seizures and resection from a temporal lobe on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to provide a quantitative review of previous studies on this issue. METHODS Based on conventional meta-analytic procedures, we identified 33 studies that assessed verbal a...

This study extends previous work analysing functional dissociations occurring in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by demonstrating that material-specific memory loss is common. The pattern of neuropsychological dysfunction in 191 patients with probable AD was examined and 13% presented with material-specific memory loss. Thirteen patients had impaired immediate verbal recall, but normal n...

The reduced verbal long-term memory capacities often reported in dyslexics are generally interpreted as a consequence of their deficit in phonological coding.The present study was aimed at evaluating whether the learning deficit exhibited by dyslexics was restricted only to the verbal component of the long-term memory abilities or also involved visual-object and visual-spatial domain. A further...

Previous research has characterized memory deficits resulting from unilateral hippocampal system damage as 'material specific', suggesting that left damage results in verbal memory impairment with preservation of visuospatial function and the converse with right damage. Implicit within this hypothesis are the assumptions that the systems are independent and memory is lateralized for each type o...

The left hippocampus and related structures mediate verbal memory function. The mechanism underlying preserved verbal memory function in patients with left hippocampal damage is unknown. Temporal lobe epilepsy, a common disease, is frequently the consequence of a characteristic hippocampal pathology termed hippocampal sclerosis, which may also affect the amygdala. In this setting, mapping the s...