......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE................................................................................................................................... 7 1. CELL SIGNALING BY RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES........................

breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in female, after lung cancer. angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, antiangiogenesis strategies for treatment of cancer are currently an issue of interest. the role of vascular endothelial growth factor that assumed to be most potent angiogenesis factor is ambiguous in breast cancer. this study descri...

OBJECTIVE Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) was previously shown by us to induce angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular events underlying the proangiogenic effects of activated FXIII (FXIIIa) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS AND RESULTS As shown by coimmunoprecipitation studies, FXIIIa crosslinked alpha(v)beta3 with vascular endothelial gro...

background: recently, the development of new biomarkers as prognostic and predictive markers in prostate cancer has been crucial. objectives: this study was aimed to determine whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) levels would be a prognostic marker or risk assessment factor in patients with prostate cancer and to investigate whether it could differentiate cancerous tissue fro...

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) has been identified as a multifaceted factor participating in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C is not only expressed in endothelial cells, but also in tumor cells. VEGF-C signaling is important for progression of various cancer types through both VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). Likewise, bot...

Background: Release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ovaries in response to HCG administration is one of the main mechanisms of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome. Since Dopamine/dopamine receptor2 (Dp-r2) pathway activity -mediated by VEGF/ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling-, is associated with angiogenic events, dopamine agonists were used for th...

Angiogenesis is essential for endometrial growth and repair, and disruption of this process may lead to common gynecological disorders, including menorrhagia and endometriosis. We have recently shown that expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its two main receptors, VEGFR-1 and -2, is increased in idiopathic menorrhagia (IM). The aim of this study was to determine the ex...

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic virus causing hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory interleukin involved in many types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that IL-6 expression was induced following ALV-J infection in chickens. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanism by which ALV-J induces I...

Interaction between integrin αvβ3 and extracellular matrix is crucial for endothelial cells sprouting from capillaries and for angiogenesis. Furthermore, integrinmediated outside-in signals co-operate with growth factor receptors to promote cell proliferation and motility. To determine a potential regulation of angiogenic inducer receptors by the integrin system, we investigated the interaction...

Historically, there have been few treatment options for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) besides immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon (IFN)-alpha. Targeted therapies have improved clinical outcomes over the past several years. These include the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib, which inhibit angiog...