The prevalence of varicocele is 7% and 10–25% in pre pubertal and post pubertal males, respectively [1]. Varicoceles are found in 21–41% of men with primary infertility and 75–81% of those with secondary infertility. Physical examination of varicocele has a sensitivity and specificity of around 70%. The Color Doppler ultrasound (7MHz) has sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 90%. A pencil prob...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy on semen parameters and pregnancy outcomes in couples with male factor subfertility. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Male Infertility Clinic in an academic institution in Hong Kong. PATIENTS The clinical records of 42 consecutive subfertile male patients who had subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy (from Jan...

Introduction: Varicocele is the most commonly observed and correctable cause of male factor infertility. The exact pathophysiology of varicocele is not known for certain. The purpose of our study was to analyze the effect of varicocele on the semen composition characteristics by semen analysis before and after varicocele ligation and also to assess the improvement in fertility status after vari...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the management of chronic scrotal pain. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, 48 patients in total were treated with laparoscopic varicocelectomy for dull scrotal pain that worsened with physical activity and was attributed to varicoceles. All patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months and biannually thereafter ...

The most common cause of male infertility is varicocele, and varicocele is the most common correctable cause of male factor infertility. In this article we reviewed the concept of varicocele in terms of its diagnosis, method of treatment, indications for treatment, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors. Physical examination is an essential diagnostic tool in the evaluation of a patient wit...

BACKGROUND Gastrotomy closure remains the major limiting factor for human translation of transgastric surgery; the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system was proposed as a possibility for this purpose. Transgastric access is good for a pelvic approach, making varicocelectomy a possible indication for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability of ...