Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity have historically been documented as relatively rare complications of vancomycin monotherapy. Recent reports have linked aggressive vancomycin dosing strategies to significant risks of nephrotoxicity. We evaluated the rate of high-frequency hearing loss detected by audiometry for patients on vancomycin therapy. For this purpose, we used retrospective case-control ...

Vancomycin penetration into heart tissues (valves, myocardium, auricles, and pericardium) and mediastinal tissues (fat and sternal bone) was evaluated after two regimens of vancomycin administration. Ten patients were given 15 mg of vancomycin per kg of body weight before anesthesia. Ten other patients received the same dose and then a second 7.5-mg/kg dose at the time of initiation of cardiopu...

Continuous infusion of vancomycin was evaluated against experimental endocarditis due to heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) and VISA. Animals were infected with hVISA PC1 (vancomycin MIC, 2 mg/liter) or VISA PC3 (vancomycin MIC, 8 mg/liter) and treated for 5 days with constant serum levels of 20 or 40 mg/liter. Vancomycin continuous infusion was unsuccessful, as...

The development of resistance to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) is one of the best examples of the alternation between success and failure that spans the history of the antibiotic era. The introduction of penicillin G was revolutionary. However, the emergence in the 1950s of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus that were resistant to penicillins and subsequently to erythromyci...

The glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin are clinically important antibiotics. The carbohydrate portions of these molecules affect biological activity, and there is great interest in developing efficient strategies to make carbohydrate derivatives. To this end, genes encoding four glycosyltransferases, GtfB, C, D, E, were subcloned from Amycolatopsis orientalis strains that produce chloroer...

OBJECTIVES Laboratory detection of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and their heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) precursors is difficult. Thus, it is possible that vancomycin failures against supposedly vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus are due to undiagnosed VISA or hVISA. We tested this hypothesis in experimental endocarditis. METHODS Rats with aortic valve infection due to the v...

background periodontitis is a major problem that affects a large number of patients in the society. various treatment alternatives have been proposed to control this pathologic condition. streptococcus sanguis is one of the countless pathogens involved in periodontitis. objectives the current study aimed to assess the efficacy of pineapple extract per se and in synergy with vancomycin on the gr...

Reduced susceptibility or resistance to vancomycin has been reported among clinical isolates of staphylococci in previous studies. In the present study we report on the isolation of four vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal strains from healthy carriers inside and outside the hospital environment. These carriers did not receive treatment with any antibiotic. All coagulase-negative staphylococcal...

BACKGROUND There are concerns about reduced efficacy of vancomycin in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), especially when the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) nears the upper limit of the susceptible range. METHODS We examined the relationship between antibiotic treatment, 30-day mortality, and microbiologic parameters in a large Australasian cohort of patients with SA...