right of enforcement developed to the right of effective enforcement which both rooted in judicial protection. effective enforcement needs to foresee clear and useful, expeditious and cheap methods that helps the collection of defendant’s financial information and facilitates voluntary enforcement of judgment and finally use of professional and independent persons in execution process. in irani...

Purpose Research has suggested that ethics judgments should be made from an impartial perspective. However, people are often partial about their money. This study aims to investigate the extent which perspectives – perspective of those who can gain use a financial practice and incur losses due it affect lay people’s legality practice. In addition, asks factors influence investment intentions. D...

The underdetermination argument establishes that scientists may use political values to guide inquiry, without providing criteria for distinguishing legitimate from illegitimate guidance. This paper supplies such criteria. Analysis of the confused arguments against value-laden science reveals the fundamental criterion of illegitimate guidance: when value judgments operate to drive inquiry to a ...

The value of micro = 29,400 has been found for the human heart beat over the temperature range of approximately 4.7 degrees C. This value is different from that of 24,000 calories which has been obtained for the effect of temperature on judgments of short durations. The evidence indicates that the estimation of short time intervals is controlled by a chemical master reaction which is independen...

We present a new model for the general study of how the truth and biases affect human judgment. In the truth and bias model, judgments about the world are pulled by 2 primary forces, the truth force and the bias force, and these 2 forces are interrelated. The truth and bias model differentiates force and value, where the force is the strength of the attraction and the value is the location towa...

Whether social uses of language, in concert with their acquisition, are driven by the awareness of the social value assigned to linguistic variants remains unanswered. The present study examines how 185 French native speakers, aged from 2 to 6 years from different social backgrounds, produce and evaluate a well-known French phonological alternation, the liaison: obligatory liaisons, which are c...

Subjective judgments regarding information are important for the design of information systems. This study examines the endowment effect in the context of evaluating information. Theoretically, value judgments that affect the demand for information are influenced by ownership rights, a phenomenon known as the endowment effect in trading situations. In a simple computer simulated business game, ...

In practice, many practical problems occur in uncertain environments, especially in situations that involve human subjective evaluation such as that in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This paper presents a practical multi-criteria group decision-making method for decision making under uncertainty. To handle the randomness and fuzziness of individual judgments, the normal Cloud model, grou...

Those who would defend the possibility of objective normative properties owe us plausible examples of what such a property might be, how our normative discourse and practices might reflect or be shaped by it, and how we might be able to speak of it and know it. Discussions of normativity have tended to focus on deontic or directive (ought/ought not) judgments rather than evaluative (good/bad) j...